Preparation of the starter Trial production of cheese (Jben) and Klila at laboratory scale

Samples of bulk milk collection center in the municpality of Mograne have been selected to prepare the mesophilic and thermophilic lactic yeast. Two types of yeast (mesophilic and thermophilic) have been selected for their acidifying power, the speed of coagulation and aromatic aspect to produce two types of cheese, fresh cheese (Jben) and Klila. Physicochemical and microbiological tests were conducted for four by-products Jben and Klila prepared by the traditional method and Jben and Klila at laboratory scale. The analysis included five samples of each coproduit. The pH of the samples vary between 3.62 and 3,92 while the acidity is between 66 and 95 °D. Clotting time of milk is too fast for thermophilic starters (3,50 - 4 hours cons to 11, 50 -10, 50 for mesophilic starters).   The microbiological analysis have highlighted a complete absence of coliforms, and staphylococci, especially for controlled products.  The finished product obtained had a considerable consistency and texture besides a very satisfactory organoleptic and hygienic quality according to the physicochemical and microbiological analysis carried. Keywords: starter, thermophilic, mesophilic, Jben, Klil

Impact of feeding diet and race on the production and quality characteristics of milk in the commune of Mograne (Gharb Region, Morocco)

For the purpose to put the focus on the impact of feeding diet and the race on the dairy production of milk  in the commune of Mograne (Gharb region, Morocco), a farm holding has been persuaded to be subjected to diet for 12 months in 2008. The owner was already convinced to integrate the Holstein breed in 2006 for the five lactating cows. We have calculated the milk production of  the holding during the period January-December 2007 as a proof for comparison, where cows have been feeding randomly according to the offer and depending on the season. We were feeding throughout the period of study by alfalfa during the winter period, and the wheat for the summer period. The five cows submitted in this study are of type Holstein. The results recorded during 2008 were very suitable. The production of milk was increasing from 18742 liters in 2007 to 29716 liters in 2008, scoring an increase of 37%. The physicochemical analysis and microbiological conducted before the driving program and after have recorded the results very convincing. Keywords: Milk, Feeding diet, Dairy production, Quality characteristics

Study Dairy Cattle in the Region of Gharb: Case of Rural Commune Mograne

The Green Morocco Plan emphasized in its objectives the emergence of agricultural development policy. The dairy sector is central. Commendable initiatives have been expressed by the learned society in all regions of Morocco and in all sectors. At our level, we have targeted the dairy sector in the rural municipality of Mograne of Gharb region. From the standpoint of practical breeding and dairy cattle, an investigation was conducted. 26 farmers, 4 collectors and milk collection center were our target population. To achieve our mission, we relied on achieving a set of visits over a period of three months to the stables. The developed diagnosis involves collecting information on the educational level of farmers, herd size (cows), conduct food, hygiene practices, the mode of milking, the state of the stables, the quantities of milk product ... It comes out that breeders have a low educational level. No guidance in conduct of livestock they have been provided. The practices are traditional. The amount of milk produced is related to race and the number of existing header in the stable. The structure of livestock farms investigated is essentially cross with a percentage of 73%. In second place comes the red local breed with 21%. The purebred is only 6% of the overall population. The factors mentioned above associated with poor compliance with good hygiene practices are probably the cause of low milk production in the municipality of Mograne. Mots clés : Pratiques d'élevage, production laitière, enquête,Key-Words: breeding practices, milk production, investigation, pratiques d'hygiène hygien

Microbiological and Chemicophysical Comparative Study of Cow's Milk in the Commune of Mograne (Gharb region, Morocco)

With the aim of studying the bacteriological quality of the milk of the town of mograne in comparison with a study made in 2007; ten samples of the cow's milk restarted in two series were analyzed by physico-chemical and microbiological point of view. the obtained results, show that analyzed milk present successful physico-chemical characters parrapport in 2007. So the temperature of milk after draft has little meadows 37°c and the pH is 6.68. the bacteriological load in FMAT is of average of 5.67.105 ufc / ml and the average contents total and faecal coliformes are respectively 9,07.103 ufc / ml and 4,53.103 ufc / ml. the realized analyses also mark the total absence of staphylococci, salmonellas and clostridiums; a good indicator on the sanitary state of cows treated as well as on the quality of analyzed milk. these results are better than that those registered in 2007, what informs about the  impact of the practices of hygiene and breeding on the bacteriological quality of the milk. Keywords: Bacteriological quality, Physicochemical quality, Milk, practices of hygiene, Mograne commun

Improving the hygienic quality of milk products (Jben Jben melted and cooked) prepared in the laboratory

In order to improve dairy products prepared in the laboratory and at the end to highlight bacteriological quality and compare with the controlled cheese already prepared. Jben samples of cooked and melted jben were prepared. The results obtained show that the pH of the medium is controlled to respectively 4.18 Jben, against 4.04 for the 4.09 and cooked Jben molten Jben. The acidity of the medium generate values ??between 76 and 97 ° for the D jben cooked while it is molten and of the order of 83 ° for the D jben controlled. Loading MTAF records an average of 2.12. 105 cfu / g to 1.74 against the controlled jben. 103 CFU / g for cooked and 4.67.102ufc / g melted jben jben. Flora of fecal contamination is absent in the three types of Jben, except for the third sample Jben controlled marking a value 1,1.102 cfu / g for total coliforms and 1,09.102 cfu / g for fecal coliforms. Charge for the yeasts, it is absent in the molten Jben and jben cooked while they oscillate between 1.1. 6,2.103 and 103 cfu / g to the filler Jben contrôlé.La lactic bacteria is between 5.2 and 8,4.104 cfu / g and the cooked jben between 3.4 and 7,6.104 cfu / g for jben melted. The Jben controlled brand values ??between 4.3 and 9,7.104 cfu / g. We also noted the total absence of Staphylococcus, Salmonella and clolstriduims in all samples analyzed. Keywords: dairy products, baked jben, jben melted jben controlled bacteriological qualit

Studies on a multi-stage solar desalination plant (MSD)

A solar desalination system composed of an evaporation/condensation chamber formed by a lower basin and eight horizontal stages, coupled with a field of four flat thermal collectors with a total surface of 8.4 m2 and a field of panel to supply a pump, which supplies system with saline water from wells was installed in Douar Al Hamri, in the rural commune of Boughriba of the Province of Berkane and tested under the meteorological conditions of this region. A simulation model of the desalination system has been developed and validated with experimental measurements of the system. The simulation model uses a numerical solution to a set of differential equations describing the system. The objective of this installation is to produce pure (drinking) water, from a well of high conductivity (4050 µs/cm) and salt content (>2,720 mg/L), to the inhabitants, isolated and not connected to the national drinking water network. The experimental results of the MSD system show, during season of 2020, under an irradiance and ambient temperature condition of Oriental region, maximum values of the stage temperatures of  90°C and maximum production of 48 litres with low conductivity (88 µs/cm) and salt content (<0.045 mg/L).  The main objective of this pilot station in Morocco is to ensure the production of drinking water to the inhabitants of the Douar by solar energy. The modelling of these experimental results, from the thermal equations, set up during this work, shows a very good agreement between the experiment and the simulations. The analysis of all the results and their comparisons with the literature clearly show the good functioning of the MSD system blocks, set up during this work.

Caractérisation d’une souche de candida tropicalis thermophile utilisée dans la bio-transformation des déchets d’abattoirs

In order to improve the transformation process of green waste of slaughter-houses in presence of molasses into an ingredient fertilizing the ground and as supplement in animal feeds, performing yeast strains were searched to be used in a mixed leaven with lactic bacteria. Ten yeast stocks with strong sucrolytic and acidifying activities were isolated starting from sugar cane press juice of the production line and from molasses from a sugar factory. LH7 stock was retained for its tolerance to temperature, which increases considerably during fermentation. It corresponded to Candida tropicalis, which presented under optimal conditions (pH 5, 3 g/l sucrose, 1 g/l (NH4)2SO4 and 40°C) an enzymatic activity of 5720 UI/l.Afin d’améliorer un procédé de transformation des déchets de viandes rouges en présence de mélasse comme supplément en alimentation animale, des souches de levures performantes ont été recherchées pour être utilisées dans un levain en association avec des bactéries lactiques productrices de bactériocines. Dix souches de levures à forte activités saccharolytiques et acidifiantes ont été isolées à partir du jus de presse de Canne à sucre au niveau de la chaîne de fabrication et de la mélasse d’une usine sucrière. La souche LH7 a été retenue pour sa tolérance à la température, qui augmente considérablement au cours de la fermentation. Il s’agit d’un Candida tropicalis qui présente en conditions optimales (pH 5, 3 g/l saccharose, 1 g/l (NH4)2SO4 et 40°C) une activité enzymatique de 5720 U.I/l

Driving behavior assessment: A practical study and technique for detecting a driver's condition and driving style

New research confirms that driving mistakes account for almost 75 % of all traffic accidents. Recently, many researchers have studied the recognition of driving behavior, including aggressive, fatigued or drowsy driving. The principal aim of this work is to present a combination approach for evaluating driver behavior, focuses on the analysis of numerous driving-related parameters and the detection of driver fatigue and drowsiness. Experimental research is carried out using a monitoring unit which can be mounted in any vehicle fitted with CAN (Control Area Network) technology, and which monitors current driving actions. This work combines the analysis of driving parameters such as engine speed, vehicle speed, accelerator pedal position, steering wheel angle, engine noise intensity, fuel consumption and, finally, the quantity of exhaust gases generated to define whether driving is normal or aggressive. Analysis of the driver's face enables us to detect fatigue and know whether the driver is asleep on the basis of facial features. This proposed detection method achieved an average accuracy of 99.10 %. The information gathered for each driving style is recorded, in order to build up our own data and analyze it carefully. In-depth study of these parameters reveals the boundaries that define driving status and style. Experimental and simulation results confirm that the proposed system can effectively detect driving states and driver reactions, with the aim of guaranteeing a sufficient and acceptable level of safety. This study can be used to improve policies and design more robust driver training and education programs

Biodiversity and distribution of freshwater molluscs in superficial waters of Ouergha watershed (Morocco)

Abstract The primary goal of this work was to establish the specific biodiversity of freshwater molluscs in aquati