Critical analysis on the fire protection plan of a commercial shed located at Dona Mercedes neighborhood in Gravataí

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver uma análise crítica do Plano de Proteção Contra Incêndio (PPCI) de um pavilhão comercial já existente, que foi projetado no ano de 1987 e se encontra localizado no município de Gravataí. A análise está baseada integralmente na lei estadual 10.987/97, que estabelece normas sobre sistemas de prevenção e proteção contra incêndios, a qual é regulamentada pelos decretos 37.380/97 e 38.273/98. A legislação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul determina que os sistemas sejam dimensionados e instalados seguindo as prescrições das normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) e de acordo com a classificação do risco de incêndio: pequeno, médio ou grande, conforme as normas do Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil (IRB). Com base nos resultados desta análise, medidas de melhoria de implantação imediata serão propostas a fim de se reduzir a possibilidade de incêndio; proteger a vida dos ocupantes da edificação no caso de incêndio e pânico; minimizar as possibilidades de propagação do incêndio e reduzir os danos materiais.This study aims to develop a critical analysis on the Fire Protection Plan (“Plano de Proteção Contra Incêndio” – PPCI) of an existent commercial shed, which was designed in 1987 and is located in Gravataí city. This analysis is entirely based on the law 10.987/97 of Rio Grande do Sul State, which defines the standards on systems of fire prevention and protection, and it is regulated by both decrees 37.380/97 and 38.273/98. Rio Grande do Sul legislation determines that those systems are designed and installed based on the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (“Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas” – ABNT) and in accordance with the fire risk classification: low, medium or high, following the standards of the Brazilian Reinsurance Institute (“Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil” – IRB). Taking into account the results of this analysis, immediate improvement actions will be proposed in order to reduce the possibility of fire; to safeguard the lives of the building occupants in case of fire and panic; to minimize the chance of fire spreading and reduce property damage

Critical analysis on the fire protection plan of a commercial shed located at Dona Mercedes neighborhood in Gravataí

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver uma análise crítica do Plano de Proteção Contra Incêndio (PPCI) de um pavilhão comercial já existente, que foi projetado no ano de 1987 e se encontra localizado no município de Gravataí. A análise está baseada integralmente na lei estadual 10.987/97, que estabelece normas sobre sistemas de prevenção e proteção contra incêndios, a qual é regulamentada pelos decretos 37.380/97 e 38.273/98. A legislação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul determina que os sistemas sejam dimensionados e instalados seguindo as prescrições das normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) e de acordo com a classificação do risco de incêndio: pequeno, médio ou grande, conforme as normas do Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil (IRB). Com base nos resultados desta análise, medidas de melhoria de implantação imediata serão propostas a fim de se reduzir a possibilidade de incêndio; proteger a vida dos ocupantes da edificação no caso de incêndio e pânico; minimizar as possibilidades de propagação do incêndio e reduzir os danos materiais.This study aims to develop a critical analysis on the Fire Protection Plan (“Plano de Proteção Contra Incêndio” – PPCI) of an existent commercial shed, which was designed in 1987 and is located in Gravataí city. This analysis is entirely based on the law 10.987/97 of Rio Grande do Sul State, which defines the standards on systems of fire prevention and protection, and it is regulated by both decrees 37.380/97 and 38.273/98. Rio Grande do Sul legislation determines that those systems are designed and installed based on the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (“Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas” – ABNT) and in accordance with the fire risk classification: low, medium or high, following the standards of the Brazilian Reinsurance Institute (“Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil” – IRB). Taking into account the results of this analysis, immediate improvement actions will be proposed in order to reduce the possibility of fire; to safeguard the lives of the building occupants in case of fire and panic; to minimize the chance of fire spreading and reduce property damage

Low temperature degradation resistant nanostructured yttria-stabilized zirconia for dental applications

When used in prosthetic dentistry, zirconia encounters severe durability issues due to low temperature degradation: exposure to humidity results in a transition from tetragonal to monoclinic phase, associated to disruptive integrity loss. Recently it has been shown that size-induced stabilization helps maintaining zirconia in tetragonal form, when the grain size is reduced to the nano-range. Objective of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of High Pressure Field Assisted Sintering (HP-FAST) to the preparation of dense, nanostructured samples of tetragonal yttria stabilized zirconia, with yttria content between 0.5 and 3. mol% and showing resistance to low temperature degradation. The yttria stabilized zirconia nanopowders were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Sintering by HP-FAST was performed at 900. °C in 5. min, under a pressure of 620. MPa. Resistance to low temperature degradation was tested at 134. °C, under vapor pressure, for up to 40. h. Both pristine and aged samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation tests in continuous stiffness measurement mode. The sintered samples presented a grain size between 20 and 30. nm and low or null monoclinic content. Both parameters resulted unaffected by ageing. The best results in terms of phase composition and mechanical properties have been obtained with the material containing 1.5. mol% of yttria. These results induce to reconsider the use of yttria stabilized zirconia as material for dental prosthetic systems requiring long-term durability

Low temperature degradation resistant nanostructured yttria-stabilized zirconia for dental applications

When used in prosthetic dentistry, zirconia encounters severe durability issues due to low temperature degradation: exposure to humidity results in a transition from tetragonal to monoclinic phase, associated to disruptive integrity loss. Recently it has been shown that size-induced stabilization helps maintaining zirconia in tetragonal form, when the grain size is reduced to the nano-range. Objective of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of High Pressure Field Assisted Sintering (HP-FAST) to the preparation of dense, nanostructured samples of tetragonal yttria stabilized zirconia, with yttria content between 0.5 and 3 mol% and showing resistance to low temperature degradation. The yttria stabilized zirconia nanopowders were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Sintering by HP-FAST was performed at 900 °C in 5 min, under a pressure of 620 MPa. Resistance to low temperature degradation was tested at 134 °C, under vapor pressure, for up to 40 h. Both pristine and aged samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation tests in continuous stiffness measurement mode. The sintered samples presented a grain size between 20 and 30 nm and low or null monoclinic content. Both parameters resulted unaffected by ageing. The best results in terms of phase composition and mechanical properties have been obtained with the material containing 1.5 mol% of yttria. These results induce to reconsider the use of yttria stabilized zirconia as material for dental prosthetic systems requiring long-term durabilit

The influence of thermal and visible light activation modes on the NO2 response of WO3 nanofibers prepared by electrospinning

The paper reports on the influence of visible light at different wavelengths (red, λ = 630 nm; green, λ = 570 nm; purple–blue, λ = 430 nm), light irradiance conditions (from 30 to 770 μW/cm2) and operating temperatures (from 25 °C to 100 °C) on the electrical response of WO3 electrospun nanofibers (NFs) to 100–400 ppb NO2 gas in dry air. WO3 NFs were prepared by mixing a W–O sol–gel transparent solution (WCl6 in ethanol) with a polymeric solution made of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Electrospun NFs were annealed between 300 °C and 500 °C and the their microstructures features investigated by SEM and XRD. Room temperature (25 °C) gas responses of the 450 °C annealed NFs have shown that, beside a slight reduction of the relative gas response (RRs), a decrease of the light wavelength (toward the purple–blue) and an increase of its irradiance, greatly improve the base line recovery and the response time with respect to dark conditions. At operating temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 100 °C, sensor relative responses in dark always resulted to be higher as respect to the ones displayed under purple–blue light illumination. The combined action of purple-blue light with an irradiance of 770 μW/cm2 and of mild operating temperature of 75 °C, relative responses (RRs) of 12.4 and base line recovery percentages (RPs) of 97% were attained at 400 ppb NO2. The capability to tune the response of WO3 NFs to NO2 by combining light and mild thermal gas sensors activations is addressed and discussed also considering the involved response mechanisms

ZnO nanorods grown on ZnO sol\u2013gel seed films: Characteristics and optical gas-sensing properties

ZnO sol–gel films, with and without embedded Pt nanoparticles, were used as seeding layers for the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods. The morphology of the nanorods was controlled by adjusting the chemistry and processing, yielding samples with high transparencies and exposed surface areas. The prepared samples were assessed for performance as optical gas sensors in terms of absorbance variation and response time and these data were correlated with the structural properties. The nanorods grown on ZnO films containing Pt nanoparticles showed excellent H2-sensing properties owing to the high exposed surface areas of the ZnO nanorods and to the catalytic effect the underlying Pt nanoparticles