The changing energy paradigm, challenges, and new developments

Editorial of the Special Issue of the International Journal of Energy Researc

Effects of porosity in a model of corrosion and passive layer growth

We introduce a stochastic lattice model to investigate the effects of pore formation in a passive layer grown with products of metal corrosion. It considers that an anionic species diffuses across that layer and reacts at the corrosion front (metal-oxide interface), producing a random distribution of compact regions and large pores, respectively represented by O (oxide) and P (pore) sites. O sites are assumed to have very small pores, so that the fraction $\Phi$ of P sites is an estimate of the porosity, and the ratio between anion diffusion coefficients in those regions is $D_{\text r}<1$. Simulation results without the large pores ($\Phi =0$) are similar to those of a formerly studied model of corrosion and passivation and are explained by a scaling approach. If $\Phi >0$ and $D_{\text r}\ll 1$, significant changes are observed in passive layer growth and corrosion front roughness. For small $\Phi$, a slowdown of the growth rate is observed, which is interpreted as a consequence of the confinement of anions in isolated pores for long times. However, the presence of large pores near the corrosion front increases the frequency of reactions at those regions, which leads to an increase in the roughness of that front. This model may be a first step to represent defects in a passive layer which favor pitting corrosion.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

“Recent Advances in Energy Research”

The worldwide scarcity of fossil fuels regarding primary energy demand together with growing environmental concerns have raised new challenges to the world economy, and led to changes in the energy paradigm. Industry, services, researchers, and the Academy are challenged to envisage new solutions through setting up new conversion processes, designing new power systems, and investigating and developing new energy sources and vectors