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The identification of QTL controlling ergot sclerotia size in hexaploid wheat implicates a role for the Rht dwarfing alleles
The fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea infects ovaries of a broad range of temperate grasses and cereals, including hexaploid wheat, causing a disease commonly known as ergot. Sclerotia produced in place of seed carry a cocktail of harmful alkaloid compounds that result in a range of symptoms in humans and animals, causing ergotism. Following a field assessment of C. purpurea infection in winter wheat, two varieties ‘Robigus’ and ‘Solstice’ were selected which consistently produced the largest differential effect on ergot sclerotia weights. They were crossed to produce a doubled haploid mapping population, and a marker map, consisting of 714 genetic loci and a total length of 2895 cM was produced. Four ergot reducing QTL were identified using both sclerotia weight and size as phenotypic parameters; QCp.niab.2A and QCp.niab.4B being detected in the wheat variety ‘Robigus’, and QCp.niab.6A and QCp.niab.4D in the variety ‘Solstice’. The ergot resistance QTL QCp.niab.4B and QCp.niab.4D peaks mapped to the same markers as the known reduced height (Rht) loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D, Rht-B1 and Rht-D1, respectively. In both cases, the reduction in sclerotia weight and size was associated with the semi-dwarfing alleles, Rht-B1b from ‘Robigus’ and Rht-D1b from ‘Solstice’. Two-dimensional, two-QTL scans identified significant additive interactions between QTL QCp.niab.4B and QCp.niab.4D, and between QCp.niab.2A and QCp.niab.4B when looking at sclerotia size, but not between QCp.niab.2A and QCp.niab.4D. The two plant height QTL, QPh.niab.4B and QPh.niab.4D, which mapped to the same locations as QCp.niab.4B and QCp.niab.4D, also displayed significant genetic interactions
Women Entrepreneurship in India. A work-Life Balance Perspective
The purpose of this empirical study is to study women entrepreneurs\u2019 psychological well being as supported by their family members in terms of support network so that effect of role overload and dependent care could be minimized. In any society, women receive relatively less support in order to fulfill their career aspirations. The study is using the scale developed by Mathew and Panchanatham (2011) to examine the factors of work life balance for women entrepreneurs in South India. These researchers have noted that role overload, dependent care, quality of health, problems in time management and lack of proper social support are the major factors influencing the WLB of women entrepreneurs in India. We observed the few limitations of the study carried out by Mathew and Panchanatham (2011) due to which we felt a strong need to conduct another study in this area. First, the study was limited to southern part of India, so we would like to validate it in northern India due to a significant difference in the culture of south and north India. Second, they explored factors of work life balance for women entrepreneurs while we are more interested in exploring the moderating impact of support network on the relationship of role overload and dependent care on quality of health and time management. Thus we are more interested in the causal relationship among the factors explored by Mathew and Panchanatham (2011) on a sample of women entrepreneurs in North India. Results showed the significant moderating impact of support network on the relationship between predictor and criterion variables on a sample of 130 women entrepreneurs in Delhi region. Implications are discussed for women in Indian society