Horizontal pressures in cylindrical metal silos and comparison with different international standards

The focus of this research was to evaluate the horizontal pressures on a cylindrical metal silo of corrugated walls and flat bottom with 1.82m diameter and 5.4m high, and to compare the values with those obtained theoretically by the ISO 11697, EP 433 and AS 3774 standards. The silo was symmetrically filled and constant speed with wheat cv. soft red for two different height/diameter ratios (H/D) and was unloaded through three orifices with a diameter of 71.6mm, one concentric and two eccentrics. Horizontal pressures were measured on the walls of the silo at three positions using hydraulic type pressure cells. The results showed that shortly after the start of the unloading, there was a mass flow above the quota of H/D = 1.2, whereas below this quota funnel flow occurred. It can be said that the EP 433 standard was more appropriate to predict horizontal pressures in silos in H/D ratio = 1.0, with eccentric unloading. For the H/D ratio = 1.5, AS 3774 standard was the one that produced values closer to the experimental

Sobrepresiones en las paredes de los silos debidas al vaciado

Chronologically the author analyzes the theories and experiences published by the main world specialists on the subject of silos. Further, some of the most important Norms used In various countries are being studied. The compression curves by each author and Norm are drawn, applied to a standard cell. In a diagram all the curves are superimposed and a dispersion of 215% is obtained. This dispersion is due to the fact that many authors leave out the dynamic phenomena produced during the outlet and which have caused so many cracks, deformations and irregularities.El autor analiza cronológicamente las teorías y experiencias emitidas por los principales especialistas mundiales en materia de silos. Se estudian igualmente algunas de las más importantes Normas utilizadas en diversos países. Se trazan las curvas de presiones de cada autor y Norma, aplicadas a una celda estándar. En un gráfico se superponen todas las curvas obtenidas, apareciendo una dispersión del 215%. Esta dispersión se debe a que muchos autores omiten los fenómenos dinámicos producidos durante el vaciado y que tantas grietas, deformaciones y accidentes han ocasionado

Alignment of sparse freehand 3-D ultrasound with preoperative images of the liver using models of respiratory motion and deformation

Just as readers feel immersed when the story-line adheres to their experiences, users will more easily feel immersed in a virtual environment if the behavior of the characters in that environment adheres to their expectations, based on their life-long observations in the real world. This paper introduces a framework that allows authors to establish natural, human-like behavior, physical interaction and emotional engagement of characters living in a virtual environment. Represented by realistic virtual characters, this framework allows people to feel immersed in an Internet based virtual world in which they can meet and share experiences in a natural way as they can meet and share experiences in real life. Rather than just being visualized in a 3D space, the virtual characters (autonomous agents as well as avatars representing users) in the immersive environment facilitate social interaction and multi-party collaboration, mixing virtual with real

Interpersonal Attitude of a Speaking Agent in Simulated Group Conversations

International audienceEmbodied Conversational Agents have been widely used to simulate dyadic interactions with users. We want to explore the context of expression of interpersonal attitudes in simulated group conversations. We are presenting a model that allows agents to exhibit a variety of non-verbal behaviors (e.g gestures, facial expressions, proxemics) depending on the interpersonal attitudes that they want to express within a group while talking. The model combines corpus-based and theoretical-based approaches and we present a preliminary implementation of this model