MORTALITY IN YOUNG RABBITS : A REVIEW

[EN] Mortality rate of young rabbits is of vital importance in commercial rabbit farming, since it determines the net income of the rabbitries. However, there is no definite proportion for mortality in young rabbits, since it may be less !han 10% in one situation in a given breed and reaches 100% in other situations, in the same breed. This may be due to susceptibility of the genotype to diseases and to the numerous uncontrollable externa! environmental factors. The significan! differences between breeds confirm that mortality can be genetically improved. Within the same breed, kit mortality during the suckling period decreases during the period between 4 and 12 months of doe production, then increases thereafter as age advances up to certain parity. The increase of pre-weaning mortality associates the increase in litter size at birth and reduction of remating interval period, although doe milk yield appeared to be the most importan! factor, in this respect. Thus, ali factors which may decrease doe rabbit milk yield (nutrition, management of the rabbitry, climatic conditions and doe diseases), increase pre-weaning mortality. lmprovement of nutrition (by using feed additives, antibiotics, probiotics, green fodder or natural sources) increases rabbit doe milk. Heat stress and diseases are the most importan! factors that affect post-weaning mortality. lt is worthy to note that young rabbits loss may be avoided to a large extent and health and vigour in the stock can be maintained by applying simple methods for cleanliness and in management. Prevention of diseases is also very importan!, because curative treatment is less successful in rabbits than in many other livestock classes.[FR] Le taux de mortalité des lapereaux revét une importance vitale pour les élevages commerciaux, puisqu'il détermine le bénéfice net de ceux-ci. En outre, ce taux de mortalité n'est jamais définitif a l'intérieur d'un méme élevage, pouvant varier de moins de 1 O % dans un cas particulier avec une race données, a 100 % dans des circonstances différentes avec la méme race. Ceci peut étre dO a la fragilité de ce génotype vis a vis des maladies et de nombreux et incontrólables facteurs extérieurs. Les différences significatives entre les races confirmen! que le taux de mortalité peut étre génétiquement amélioré. Au sein d'une méme race, la mortalité des lapereaux pendan! l'allaitement diminue pendan! la période de production de la mere comprise entre 4 et 12 mois, puis augmente au fur et a mesure du vieillissement de celle ci jusqu'a certaine parité. L'accroissement de la taille de la portée a la naissance et a la réduction du temps entre deux accouplements contribuent a l'augmentation de la mortalité avant sevrage, bien que la quantité de lait produite semble étre le facteur le plus importan!. Done tous les facteurs susceptibles de diminuer la production laitiere (nutrition, conduite de l'élevage, conditions climatiques et maladies de la mere) augmentent la mortalité avant sevrage. L'amélioration de l'alimentation (par l'utilisation d'additif alimentaire, d'antibiotiques et de probiotiques, de fourrage vert ) augmente la production laitiere. Le stress du a la chaleur et les maladies sont les causes principales de la mortalité avant sevrage. 11 convient de noter que la perte des lapereaux peut étre évitée et que la santé et la vigueur du troupeau seront maintenus en appliquant des regles simples de propreté et de conduite d'élevage. La prévention des maladies-est aussi tres importante car les traitements curatifs ont moins de succes chez le lapin que chez d'autres especes.Rashwan, A.; Marai, I. (2000). MORTALITY IN YOUNG RABBITS : A REVIEW. World Rabbit Science. doi:10.4995/wrs.2000.427SWORD08

Preparation and Characterization and Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.95Ca0.05) TiO3 Ceramic Material

(Ba0.95 Ca0.05)TiO3 ceramic was prepared by solid-state reaction method for different calcination temperatures 1100°C, 1150°C, and 1200°C. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed, it shows that the crystallization starts to form at 1200°C. Sintering was carried out at 1400°C for 3 hours. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Dielectric properties of this sample were measured in the temperature range 25oC - 140oC, which demonstrates that the maximum dielectric constant (Ɛ) =1982. Rietveld refinement analysis for the XRD pattern is performed, which indicated that Ca-ions enter the tetragonal unit cell and replace Ba-ion and maintain the perovskite tetragonal structure

Combining analytical and holistic strategies for handwriting recognition

[abstract not available

PERFORMANCE OF 3 RABBITS STRAINS AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES IN EGYPT DURING SUMMER

[EN] The present work was conducted to study the performance of 3 rabbits strains: New Zealand White (NZW), Baladi Black (BB) and Baladi Red (BR) and 4 of the reciproca! crosses between NZW and Baladi rabbits, during hot summer of Egypt. Values of litter size at birth, weaning (28 days) and marketing ages (84 days) did not differ significantly as affected by genotype, sex or the interaction between them. Mortality values of offspring from birth to weaning age differed significantly (P<0.01) among the 7 genetic types and NZWxNZW showed the rower value (5.4%), while BRxBR showed the highest value (41.1 %). They were no significant differences for mortality from weaning to marketing age due to the effect of genotype, sex or interaction between them. Kit weight at birth was significantly higher (P<0.05) for crossbreds (72 to 78g) than purebreds (48 to 54g), the same trend was realized at marketing age, except for BBxBB group. Significant (P<0.05) interaction between genotype and sex was shown for kit weight at birth, females of BBxNZW cross showed the highest kit weight at birth (80 g). Male kits significantly (P<0.05) surpassed the female kits in marketing live weight at 12 weeks of age (1420 vs 1357 g). The difference between purebred and crossbred groups in the average daily gain was statistically significant (P<0.05) from birth to weaning age (0-28 daY.s). Reciproca! crosses between NZW and BB were of heavier da1ly gain than that of the reciproca! crosses between NZW and BR. From weaning to marketing age (28-84 days), daily gain of the crossbred groups was superior (17.5 to19.4g/day) and the liveweight heavier than that of the purebred ones (14.1 to 16.4g/day). Positive superiority for the studied crosses was observed for the litter size at weaning, mortality rate from birth to weaning, live weight at birth and weight gain from weaning to marketing age.[FR] Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier les petformances de 3 souches de lapins : Néo-zélandais blancs (NZW), Baladi Noir (BB) et Baladi Rouge (BR) ainsi que 4 des croisements réciproques impliquant les NZW dans des conditions estivales en Egypte. Le génotype, le sexe ou l'interaction entre les souches n'influencent pas de maniere significative la taille de la portée 8 la naissance, su sevrage (28 jours) ou 8 l'Age commercial (84 jours). Le taux de mortalité de la naissance su sevrage varíe entre les 7 génotypes (P<0,01) et les lapereaux NZWxNZW ont le taux le plus bas (5,4%) tandis que les sujets BRxBR ont le taux le plus élevé (41, 1%). Pour la mortalité entre le sevrage et /'§ge commercial, il n'y a pas de différences significatives dues 8 l'effet du génotype, du sexe ou de leur interaction. Le poids des lapereaux 8 la naissance est significativement plus élevé (P<0,05) pour les croisements (72 8 78g) que pour les races pures (48 8 54g) ; on note la m~me tendance 8 l'Age commercial sauf pour le groupe BBxBB. 11 existe une interaction significativa (P<0,05) génotype-sexe sur le poids 8 la naissance des lapereaux, les femelles issues du croisement BBxNZW ayant le poids 8 la naissance le plus élevé (80g). Le poids des lapins m§les dépassent significativement (P<0,05) celui des femelles 8 /'§ge de 12 semaines (1420 vs 1357g). La différence entre les lapins de race pure et les croisements est significative (P<0,05) en terme de gain de poids moyen de la naissance au sevrage (0-28 jours). Les croisements réciproques entre NZW et BB donnent des vitesses de croissance avant sevrage plus fortes que les croisements réciproques entre NZW et BR. Du sevrage 8 /'§ge commercial (28-84 jours) le gain de poids et le poids vif des lapins issus de croisement sont supérieurs 8 ceux des lapins de races pures. La supériorité des performances des lapins croisés est démontrée pour la taille de la portée au sevrage, le taux de mortalité entre la naissance et le sevrage, le poids vif 8 la naissance et le gain de poids du sevrage a l'àge commercial.Rashwan, A.; Yamani, K.; Abd El-Ghani, A. (1997). PERFORMANCE OF 3 RABBITS STRAINS AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES IN EGYPT DURING SUMMER. World Rabbit Science. doi:10.4995/wrs.1997.319SWORD05

Deep learning framework with confused sub-set resolution architecture for automatic arabic diacritization

[abstract not available

EFFECTS OF THE TIME OF INSEMINATION AND LITTER SIZE ON THE GESTATION LENGTH OF RABBITS

[EN] Pannon White nulliparous and multiparous does were divided into two groups and inseminated at 8:00 a.m. (n = 587) or at 8:00 p.m. (n = 548). On the basis of 390 and 346 kindlings respectively, it was established that the 12-hour time difference between inseminations had no effect on the length of gestation (31.73 and 31.67 days, respectively). The time of parturition was also influenced by the time of day. Does most often kindled between 22:00 and 04:00 and least often during the day (between 10:00 and 16:00). Parity significantly influenced gestation length (first parity: 31.42 days, 8th -10th parities: 32.15 days, P < 0.05). Litter size at insemination had no effect but litter size at birth exerted a significant effect on gestation length: with the increase of litter size the gestation length shortened (litters of 1 and 2 young: 32.42 - 32.46 days, litters of 9 -14 young: 31.32-31.50 days, P < 0.05).Rashwan, A.; Szendrõ, Z.; Matics, Z.; Szalai, A.; Biró-Németh, E.; Szendrõ, E.; Nagy, I. (2003). EFFECTS OF THE TIME OF INSEMINATION AND LITTER SIZE ON THE GESTATION LENGTH OF RABBITS. World Rabbit Science. 11(2):75-85. doi:10.4995/wrs.2003.499SWORD758511

Increased H3K27 trimethylation contributes to cone survival in a mouse model of cone dystrophy

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a heterogeneous group of blinding disorders, which result in dysfunction or death of the light-sensing cone and rod photoreceptors. Despite individual IRDs (Inherited retinal disease) being rare, collectively, they affect up to 1:2000 people worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden, especially when cone-mediated central vision is affected. This study uses the Pde6ccpfl1 mouse model of achromatopsia, a cone-specific vision loss IRD (Inherited retinal disease), to investigate the potential gene-independent therapeutic benefits of a histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 on cone cell survival. We investigated the effects of GSK-J4 treatment on cone cell survival in vivo and ex vivo and changes in cone-specific gene expression via single-cell RNA sequencing. A single intravitreal GSK-J4 injection led to transcriptional changes in pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, among other key epigenetic pathways, highlighting the complex interplay between methylation and acetylation in healthy and diseased cones. Furthermore, continuous administration of GSK-J4 in retinal explants increased cone survival. Our results suggest that IRD (Inherited retinal disease)-affected cones respond positively to epigenetic modulation of histones, indicating the potential of this approach in developing a broad class of novel therapies to slow cone degeneration