Eksplorasievformasikeanekaragaman Jenis, Potensi Dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Bahan Pestisida Alami Dipropinsijawa Barat Dan Banten*[exploration on Information of Plant Species Diversity, Their Potential and Utilization as Natural Pesticides in West Java And

Pests, diseases and weeds are considered as organisms that limiting the agricultural productivity. Losses of agricultural productivity originated from the attack of these organisms may be up to 40% to 60%; sometimes in several cases failure of harvests occurred. So far, chemical (synthetic) pesticides are used to control the attack of these organisms. Meanwhile, the use of synthetic pesticides in fact, creates many negative effects on both biotic and abiotic environments, such as pollution against terrestrial and aquatic environments, even killing the vertebrates and husbandry animals, predatory insects, and some economic insects (insect species that benefit to the life of man). Due to the losses created by utilization of synthetic pesticides, therefore a number of scientists and farmers initiated to turn their attention to use the natural pesticides (directly originated from plants) under the light of back to nature principle, although this step is seems to be less effective.Some natural pesticides practiced by West Javan farmers are likely almost disappeared and difficult to be found in the field. It is important to mention some species here such as cujete/kalabas (Cresentia cujete), bratawali (linospora tuberculata), bitter yam/gadung (Dioscorea hispida), sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata), sarikaya {Annona squamosa) and so many more. Some weed species are known used by farmers as natural pesticide like saliara {Lantana camara), ki pahit (Tithonia diversifolia), alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical) and badotan {Ageratum conyzoides). This research is aimed to inventory plant species used by farmers as natural pesticides as to reduce the reliance on synthetic pesticides. Methods of approach to the problem are by library studies (journals, proceedings of seminars, notes etc), field survey and interview to farmers of several districts (Kabupatens) in West Java and Banten Provinces i.e. Sumedang, Majalengka, Sukabumi, Garut, Pandegelang and Serang. Result shows that there are still 130 plant species used as natural pesticides, and 42 natural (plant based raw materials) pesticide formulations used by farmers

EKSPLORASI INFORMASI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS, POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN BAHAN PESTISIDA ALAMI DIPROPINSIJAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN

Pests, diseases and weeds are considered as organisms that limiting the agricultural productivity. Losses of agricultural productivity originated from the attack of these organisms may be up to 40% to 60%; sometimes in several cases failure of harvests occurred. So far, chemical (synthetic) pesticides are used to control the attack of these organisms. Meanwhile, the use of synthetic pesticides in fact, creates many negative effects on both biotic and abiotic environments, such as pollution against terrestrial and aquatic environments, even killing the vertebrates and husbandry animals, predatory insects, and some economic insects (insect species that benefit to the life of man). Due to the losses created by utilization of synthetic pesticides, therefore a number of scientists and farmers initiated to turn their attention to use the natural pesticides (directly originated from plants) under the light of back to nature principle, although this step is seems to be less effective.Some natural pesticides practiced by West Javan farmers are likely almost disappeared and difficult to be found in the field. It is important to mention some species here such as cujete/kalabas (Cresentia cujete), bratawali (linospora tuberculata), bitter yam/gadung (Dioscorea hispida), sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata), sarikaya {Annona squamosa) and so many more. Some weed species are known used by farmers as natural pesticide like saliara {Lantana camara), ki pahit (Tithonia diversifolia), alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical) and badotan {Ageratum conyzoides). This research is aimed to inventory plant species used by farmers as natural pesticides as to reduce the reliance on synthetic pesticides. Methods of approach to the problem are by library studies (journals, proceedings of seminars, notes etc), field survey and interview to farmers of several districts (Kabupatens) in West Java and Banten Provinces i.e. Sumedang, Majalengka, Sukabumi, Garut, Pandegelang and Serang. Result shows that there are still 130 plant species used as natural pesticides, and 42 natural (plant based raw materials) pesticide formulations used by farmers

STUDI ETNOBOTANI PEMANFAATAN JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BAHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA CIBUNAR KECAMATAN RANCAKALONG KABUPATEN SUMEDANG-JAWA BARAT

Study on ethnobotany concerning using of various plants which have been used as traditional medicine by community of Cibunar village, Rancakalong subdistrict was carried c out between June and August 2002. Descrivtive analysis was used in this study, while interview, observation, vegetation analysis, and literature study were applied. Main purpose of this study is to know regarding using of various plants which have been used as traditional medicine in relation to pattern of the traditional medical practised by community, while aim of this study is to obtain data and information concerning various plants which have been used as the traditional medicine. The result of study shows that the local community have undertaken their illness treatment by themselves which has been done by making traditional medicine. They consider that the traditional medicine can be used to  to treat illnesses very well. One hundred sixty species of 58 families of plants have been used to treat 23 group of illness. High diversity of plants have been recorded in homegarden (143 species of 56  families which have been used as traditional medicine)

KARAKTERISASI DAN KEKERABATAN JANGGOT KAI (Usnea spp.) DI PRIANGAN

AbstractTaxonomic study of beard moss (Usnea spp) at Priangan, was carried out by using morphological, anatomical and chemical's characters. Sample have taken from five area, they are Jayagiri conifer forest (Bandung), Rancakalong conifer forest (Sumedang), Kamojang conifer forest ( Garut), Munjul conifer forest (Ciamis) and Cigorowong conifer forest ( Tasikmalaya). Morphological observation was done on thallus and anatomical observation in medulla, axis and ratio of cortex : medulla : axis. While chemical analysis was conducting by colour test and crystal test. The identification result founded the eleven species, i.e. Usnea baileyi, U.ceratina, U.cornuta, U.filipendula, U. flexilis, U. flexuosa, U.florida, U.glabrata, U.hirta, U. longissima and U. trichodea. Morphological characters that can be used for distinguished of eleven species of Usnea are medulla shape, axisshape, radius of cortex, radius of medulla and diameter of axis. Chemical characters distinguished are reagent K,C, KC and IKI. Based on that characters the key identification have made for Usnea species founded at Priangan and de3scription were arranged for genus and species level. Phenetic analysis done by using NTSY Spc versi 2.0, resulted a Dendrogram which the eleven species of Beard moss can be divided into three branches. The first branch consist of U.baileyi and U.ceratina, the second are U.cornuta, U.flexilis, U.florida, U. flexuosa and U.glabrata and the third branch branch consist of U.filipendula, U.hirta, U.trichodea and U.longissima. Key word : Characterization, relationship, Beard moss, Usnea , Prianga

TOKSISITAS BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN APOCYNACEAE PADA HATI DAN GINJAL MENCIT SWISS-WEBSTER

The research was conducted to detect the effect of flower, leaf and stem bark extracts from golden trumpet, yellow oleander and frangipani on the liver and kidney structure of swiss-webster mice, hence the most toxic plant among the tested plants can also be screened. Single dose extract from each plant (616,8 mg/kg bw) was suspended in CMC 0,5% and administered orally to the mice and fourth day  their body, liver and kidney  weight were measured, liver and kidney organ  were made into preparate using paraffin method and HE staining. The result showed  liver weight per body weight were significantly differ (p<0,05) in the treatment of golden trumpet leaf and frangipani flower and no change in the kidney weight . Level of the vary liver desruption  occurred in all of the treated mice. Severe desruption is detected in the treatment of stem bark yellow oleander and frangipani flower. There were a disruptions on the kidney tissue, in the form of hemorrhage, such as the occurrence of erythrocyte in the Bowman space, tubules and intertubules. Glomerulus diameter, Bowman space diameter and tubule cells observation on the kidney showed no significant differences with control. Based on the parameters for liver, frangipani, yellow oleander and golden trumpet is found to be most toxic plant respectively. Assay on the three types of plant indicate that  the most toxic plant is golden trumpet, whereas the most toxic part of the plant is the stem bark