Comparison of the Effects of Linear and Non-Linear Resistance Training Periodization on Morphofunctional Capacity of Subjects with Different Fitness Levels: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 666-690, 2019. Resistance training (RT) is recognized as an efficient method to improve muscle strength, power, hypertrophy; all are fundamental components of functional health and quality of life. Variables of RT such as volume, intensity, density, rest interval, duration, exercise order and selection, training frequency, and periodization models (i.e. linear periodization (LP), reverse linear periodization (RLP), block periodization (BP), and nonlinear periodization (NLP): undulating periodization (UP) and weekly undulating periodization (WUP)) are manipulated to potentiate musculoskeletal adaptations. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of studies comparing different periodization models on morphofunctional capacity in adults with different levels of physical activity. Databases from Ebsco, PubMed and Web of Science were searched between January 2007 and June 2017 using the following descriptors: RT; strength training; LP; UP; daily UP; NLP. From the 4337 articles found, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The mean number of sets in each RT model was 3 ± 1 for both (LP and UP), mean repetitions used was 10 ± 5, and the mean inter-set rest interval was 2 ± 1 minutes . The mean number of exercises was 7 ± 3 with training duration ranging from 45 to 90 minutes. The number of sets, repetitions, rest interval, and load intensity were minimally detailed in 12% of articles evaluated. In conclusion, RT programs that used LP and UP presented discrepant results, which precludes a consensus at this time. Most characteristics and differences between studies reported here should be used in future experimental designs to improve our understanding about periodization models

Avaliação da umidade de sementes de cevadilha vacariana.

Resumo.Fernando Flores Cardoso, Daniel Portella Montardo, José Carlos Ferrugem Moraes, Marcos Flávio Silva Borba, Sandro da Silva Camargo, editores técnicos

Dinâmica populacional de grama-tio-pedro submetida a diferentes doses de adubação foliar e sombreamento.

Conhecer os fatores nutricionais limitantes ao crescimento das forrageiras é de grande importância para o manejo das pastagens. Objetivou-se estudar o efeito de doses de adubação foliar e o sombreamento na dinâmica populacional de perfilhos da grama-tio-pedro (Paspalum oteroi)

Formation of bone-like apatite layer on chitosan fiber mesh scaffolds by a biomimetic spraying process

Bone-like apatite coating of polymeric substrates by means of biomimetic process is a possible way to enhance the bone bonding ability of the materials. The created apatite layer is believed to have an ability to provide a favorable environment for osteoblasts or osteoprogenitor cells. The purpose of this study is to obtain bone-like apatite layer onto chitosan fiber mesh tissue engineering scaffolds, by means of using a simple biomimetic coating process and to determine the influence of this coating on osteoblastic cell responses. Chitosan fiber mesh scaffolds produced by a previously described wet spinning methodology were initially wet with a Bioglass"–water suspension by means of a spraying methodology and then immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) mimicking physiological conditions for one week. The formation of apatite layer was observed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of the use of the novel spraying methodology, a fine coating could also be observed penetrating into the pores, that is clearly within the bulk of the scaffolds. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIRATR), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also confirmed the presence of apatite-like layer. A human osteoblast-like cell line (SaOs-2) was used for the direct cell contact assays. After 2 weeks of culture, samples were observed under the SEM. When compared to the control samples (unmodified chitosan fiber mesh scaffolds) the cell population was found to be higher in the Ca–P biomimetic coated scaffolds, which indicates that the levels of cell proliferation on this kind of scaffolds could be enhanced. Furthermore, it was also observed that the cells seeded in the Ca–P coated scaffolds have a more spread and flat morphology, which reveals an improvement on the cell adhesion patterns, phenomena that are always important in processes such as osteoconduction

Grama-tio-pedro submetida a diferentes níveis de adubação foliar em sistema sombreado.

A adubação foliar (líquida) é uma prática interessante para o Pantanal. Isto porque suprirá a demanda por nutrientes das forrageiras, sem revolvimento do solo. O estudo da grama-tiopedro sob sombreamento e doses de adubo líquido fosfatado pode indicar caminhos que levem a sua melhor produção no Pantanal. Objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento da gramatio- pedro sob sombreamento nativo e submetido a adubação foliar

Características morfogênicas de grama-tio-pedro submetido a adubação foliar e sombreamento nativo.

A degradação das pastagens é um dos principais fatores que afetam a sustentabilidade da pecuária e um dos maiores desafios é obter espécies forrageiras viáveis a produção. Assim, a grama-tio-pedro (Paspalum oteroi) se destaca como gramínea nativa de alto potencial. Objetivou-se estudar algumas características morfogênicas da grama-tio-pedro sob sombreamento nativo, submetido a adubação foliar fosfatada

Produção de serapilheira em grama tio-pedro recebendo adubo foliar e sob sombreamento nativo.

A serapilheira, ao fornecer substrato para a macrofauna epígea do solo, favorece seus processos físicos, químicos e biológicos, melhorando as condições do solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção de serapilheira em canteiros de grama-tio-pedro recebendo adubação líquida, sob sombreamento nativo de capitão-do-mato (Terminalia sp.)

Altura e massa-seca de grama-tio-pedro submetida a diferentes doses de adubação foliar.

A produção de forragem é resultante de interações complexas entre atributos genéticos e de ambiente sobre os processos fisiológicos e características morfológicas. Os fatores nutricionais limitantes ao crescimento das gramíneas forrageiras são de grande importância para o manejo das pastagens. Objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes doses de adubação foliar na altura e rendimento de matéria seca de grama-tio-pedro (Paspalum oteroi)

Biological response to pre-mineralized starch based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

It is known that calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) coatings are able not only to improve the bone bonding behaviour of polymeric materials, but at the same time play a positive role on enhancing cell adhesion and inducing the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Recently an innovative biomimetic methodology, in which a sodium silicate gel was used as a nucleative agent, was proposed as an alternative to the currently available biomimetic coating methodologies. This methodology is especially adequate for coating biodegradable porous scaffolds. In the present work we evaluated the influence of the referred to treatment on the mechanical properties of 50/50 (wt%) blend of corn starch/ethylene-vinyl alcohol (SEVA-C) based scaffolds. These Ca-P coated scaffolds presented a compressive modulus of 224.6 ± 20.6 and a compressive strength of 24.2 ± 2.20. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed according ISO/EN 10993 part 5 guidelines and showed that the biomimetic treatment did not have any deleterious effect on L929 cells and did not inhibit cell growth. Direct contact assays were done by using a cell line of human osteoblast like cells (SaOS-2). 3 × 105 cells were seeded per scaffold and allowed to grow for two weeks at 37 ◦C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Total protein quantification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that cells were able to grow in the pre-mineralized scaffolds. Furthermore cell viability assays (MTS test) also show that cells remain viable after two weeks in culture. Finally, protein expression studies showed that after two weeks osteopontin and collagen type I were being expressed by SaOS-2 cells seeded on the pre-mineralized scaffolds. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was higher in the supernatants collected from the pre-mineralized samples, when compared to the control samples (non Ca-P coated). This may indicate that a faster mineralization of the ECM produced on the pre-mineralized samples was occurring. Consequently, biomimetic pre-mineralization of starch based scaffolds can be a useful route for applying these materials on bone tissue engineering