Larvae, Cocoon And Post-Cocoon Characteristics Of Bombyx Mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Fed On Mulberry Leaves Fortified With Kenyan Royal Elly

Fourth instar Bombyx Mori silkworm larvae were fed on mulberry leaves to which royal jelly had been added. The impact on the larval, cocoon, shell and pupal weight, shell ratio percentage, filament length and weight, and the number of breaks during reeling were examined. The results indicate that royal jelly-enhanced diet significantly increased larval, cocoon and pupal weights, but had no significant effect on shell weights and denier. Similarly filament length, weight and filament reeling breaks were significantly different between controls and royal jelly fed groups. The cocoon shell ratio percentage was significantly higher in the control compared to the royal jelly fed groups. Results established positive trends in all the values of different parameters observed in the experimental group against the control group, apart from the cocoon shell ratio percentage. Results imply that supplementing mulberry leaves with royal jelly has the potential to enhance the commercial qualities of silk and can be used in sericulture for yield improvement

Chromomagnetism in nuclear matter

Quarks are color charged particles. Due to their motion there is a strong possibility of generation of color magnetic field. It is shown that however hadrons are color singlet particles they may have non-zero color magnetic moment. Due to this color magnetic moment hadrons can show color interaction. In this paper we have studied the chromomagnetic properties of nuclear matter.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Int. J. Theor. Phy

Nest architecture as a tool for species discrimination of Hypotrigona species (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Hypotrigona species are difficult to identify morphologically. Here, we show that nest sites and nest architecture can be used to discriminate three Hypotrigona species found in Kenya. Hypotrigona gribodoi, H. araujoi and H. ruspolii colonies from Kakamega forest and H. gribodoi from Mwingi, were collected and placed in a meliponiary at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE). The following parameters were recorded: nest sites, internal nest entrances, external nest entrance colour and size, sizes (in terms of volume) of brood cells, honey and pollen pots, arrangement of brood cells and presence or absence of involucrum (cerumen covering brood). It was found that nest sites are specific to species. Hypotrigona gribodoi nests mostly in crevices inmudwalls whileH. ruspolii and H. araujoi nest in cavities in specific tree species, mainly in indigenous forests. The colour of external nest entrances varies between the species. H. araujoi’s is yellowish brown, H. gribodoi’s is white or cream while that ofH. ruspolii is dark brown. There is an internal nest entrance inH. gribodoi, which is absent in the other two Hypotrigona species. Brood cells are clustered in H. gribodoi and H. ruspolii whereas H. araujo’s formvertical semi comb-like layers. The area of the apical opening of the entrance tube and volumes of brood cells, honey and pollen pots differ significantly between the three Hypotrigona species. Therefore, nest sites and nest architecture can be used to discriminate three Hypotrigona species. Furthermore, the study indicates that conservation of indigenous forests, the main habitat for H. araujoi and H. ruspolii is important for their conservation.https://journals.co.za/content/journal/entohj2020Zoology and Entomolog

Larvae, Cocoon And Post-Cocoon Characteristics Of Bombyx Mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Fed On Mulberry Leaves Fortified With Kenyan Royal Elly

Fourth instar Bombyx Mori silkworm larvae were fed on mulberry leaves to which royal jelly had been added. The impact on the larval, cocoon, shell and pupal weight, shell ratio percentage, filament length and weight, and the number of breaks during reeling were examined. The results indicate that royal jelly-enhanced diet significantly increased larval, cocoon and pupal weights, but had no significant effect on shell weights and denier. Similarly filament length, weight and filament reeling breaks were significantly different between controls and royal jelly fed groups. The cocoon shell ratio percentage was significantly higher in the control compared to the royal jelly fed groups. Results established positive trends in all the values of different parameters observed in the experimental group against the control group, apart from the cocoon shell ratio percentage. Results imply that supplementing mulberry leaves with royal jelly has the potential to enhance the commercial qualities of silk and can be used in sericulture for yield improvement

Grasshopper and locust control using microsporidian insecticides

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