Herbaceous vegetation in different forest types in the Lope Reserve, Gabon: Implications for keystone food availability

The density of herbaceous plants in the families Marantaceae and Zingiberaceae was measured in different forest types within the Lopé Reserve, Gabon, to ascertain their distribution and availability as food for primates and elephants. Stem densities were measured in five sites with different logging histories and tree species composition. Data from a permanent five-kilometre transect at each site showed that densities varied widely between sites. It was also found that the phenology of fruit and leaf production varied both in different seasons and different forest types. It is suggested that differences in the stem densities of these plants can be explained in the Lopé Reserve by a model involving progressive savanna recolonization, and that the wide variations found must have profound implications for the past and present ranging behaviour of the animals which use them as keystone foods

Evaluating 1 Thessalonians: an outline of holistic approaches to 1 Thessalonians in the last 25 years

This article focuses on works that have been produced within the last 25 years which attempt to provide a holistic approach to the understanding and interpretation of 1 Thessalonians, such as: epistolary, rhetorical, theological, linguistic, and various combinations of the above. Proponents of each view and their perspectives will be outlined along with their structural division of the text. This article attempts to provide a general map of particular approaches to 1 Thessalonians, but also provides a brief outline of some of the critiques and weaknesses of the different methodologies. This article concludes with a brief statement regarding the trajectory of current studies