The cultural heritage shapes the pattern of tumour profiles in Europe: a correlation study

STUDY OBJECTIVE—This study investigates the spatial pattern of tumours in Europe to check the feasibility of a large scale ecological epidemiology approach to cancer in Europe.
SETTING—The tumour types relative frequencies and cancer incidence (for men and women) reported in the European cancer registries were investigated by exploratory data analysis techniques. Socioeconomical descriptors of the female condition were considered as well.
MAIN RESULTS—The classification of the European regional areas covered by the cancer registries followed almost exactly the boundaries set by the long and intermingled European history in terms of life styles and cultural heritage. This result supports the notion of a predominant role of environmental factors in cancer induction. Further support to the above result was given by the finding of a correlation between differential male-female cancer incidence, and socioeconomic descriptors of the female condition.
CONCLUSIONS—From a methodological point of view, the consistency of these results pointed to the feasibility of an ecological approach to tumour epidemiology.


Keywords: epidemiology; cancer; environmen

Using Realistic Virtual Environments in the Study of Spatial Encoding

Computer generated virtual environments have reached a level of sophistication and ease of production that they are readily available for use in the average psychology laboratory. The potential benefits include cue control, incorporation of interactivity and novelty of environments used. The draw-backs include limitations in realism and lack of fidelity. In this chapter we describe our use of virtual environments to study how 3D space is encoded in humans with special emphasis on realism and interactivity. We describe the computational methods used to implement this realism and give examples from studies concerning spatial memory for object form, spatial layout and scene recognition