Bringing task and data parallelism to analysis of climate model output

Climate models are both outputting larger and larger amounts of data and are doing it on more sophisticated numerical grids. The tools climate scientists have used to analyze climate output, an essential component of climate modeling, are single threade

Coping as a Communal Process

This paper argues for a substantial re-conceptualization of coping. The strong focus on emotional distress as the marker of coping efforts has masked the importance of social functions, processes and outcomes in coping with life stress, particularly the role of communal coping. Communal coping is a cooperative problem-solving process salient in coping with both individual and collective stressors. It involves the appraisal of a stressor as `our' issue and cooperative action to address it. Beyond its important role in coping, communal coping is endemic to notions of social integration, interdependence and close relationships, and may underlie the resilience of families and other social units dealing with stressful life events. The authors present a framework that distinguishes communal coping from other individual and social coping processes. We also provide an analysis of benefits and costs of communal coping, a discussion of key factors in its utilization, and suggestions for further research on the functioning of communal coping in contemporary society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68813/2/10.1177_0265407598155001.pd

Capacity for epithelial differentiation in synovial sarcoma: analysis of a new human cell line

Aim—To analyse the capacity for epithelial differentiation in synovial sarcoma using a new human cell line. Methods—A new human cell line, KU-SS-1, was established from a monophasic, spindle cell type of synovial sarcoma by grafting those cells on to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and then transferring them to in vitro culture systems. The KU-SS-1 cells were characterised by light and electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic analysis. Results—Primary tumour and cultured cells at passage 20 showed a positive reaction for vimentin, which is a mesenchymal marker. After 40 passages, subcultured cells were injected into SCID mice to induce further tumours. These advanced subcultured cells and the tumour cells that they induced were positive for cytokeratin, an epithelial marker, and exhibited epithelial ultrastructural features such as intermediate junctions. Furthermore, two colour immunofluorescent analysis for proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA) and intermediate filaments showed that a large number of PCNA expressing cells were positive for vimentin, and that part of this fraction also expressed cytokeratin. The existence of cells with reactivity for these three markers indicated that, in this cell line, a fraction with high proliferating capacity had both mesenchymal and epithelial markers. In addition, cytogenetically, this cell line expressed the SYT–SSX chimaeric transcript as a result of the t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation. Conclusions—A human synovial sarcoma cell line was established and stably maintained in cell culture for more than 70 passages. In addition, this cell line showed epithelial differentiation, which supports the hypothesis that synovial sarcoma is a carcinosarcoma like tumour with true epithelial differentiation. This cell line will be a useful tool for investigating the nature of this tumour and will contribute to clinical studies. Key Words: synovial sarcoma • cell line • carcinosarcoma • differentiatio