Observation of a Coherence Length Effect in Exclusive Rho^0 Electroproduction

Exclusive incoherent electroproduction of the rho^0(770) meson from 1H, 2H, 3He, and 14N targets has been studied by the HERMES experiment at squared four-momentum transfer Q**2>0.4 GeV**2 and positron energy loss nu from 9 to 20 GeV. The ratio of the 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, known as the nuclear transparency, was found to decrease with increasing coherence length of quark-antiquark fluctuations of the virtual photon. The data provide clear evidence of the interaction of the quark- antiquark fluctuations with the nuclear medium.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 figure

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

The Unconscious Work of History

This article is concerned with the emotional processes that animate historical work. Starting with a critical discussion of recent work in the history of emotions, it investigates the emotional aspects of the historian's relationship to the past, and demonstrates how psychoanalytic ideas – particularly the concept of the unconscious – can illuminate that relationship. Part one describes the emotional hold of the past and how historians and psychoanalysts have perceived it. Part two examines the unconscious resonances of personal sources such as letters, memoirs and oral testimony. Even in the most private personal account, such as a diary, the writer imagines a reader, and emotions are evoked through the communication between the writer or speaker and the audience, real or imagined. The historian, in viewing such communication, tries to be receptive to the states of mind being conveyed. In that way she or he is drawn into the unconscious dramas of the historical actor. Part three is concerned with the unconscious pressures in the present to which the historian responds. This is as much a matter of collective psychology as it is of the individual historian's subjectivity, relating to the types of unconscious work that society demands of history. Historical scholarship, I hope to show, not only reflects the particular intellectual, political and economic milieu in which it is produced, but involves the historian in a process of navigation between her or his own unconscious, the past traces of unconscious emotion in historical artefacts, and the present psychological needs that history serves