90 research outputs found
Primordial nucleosynthesis with a varying fine structure constant: An improved estimate
We compute primordial light-element abundances for cases with fine structure
constant alpha different from the present value, including many sources of
alpha dependence neglected in previous calculations. Specifically, we consider
contributions arising from Coulomb barrier penetration, photon coupling to
nuclear currents, and the electromagnetic components of nuclear masses. We find
the primordial abundances to depend more weakly on alpha than previously
estimated, by up to a factor of 2 in the case of ^7Li. We discuss the
constraints on variations in alpha from the individual abundance measurements
and the uncertainties affecting these constraints. While the present best
measurements of primordial D/H, ^4He/H, and ^7Li/H may be reconciled pairwise
by adjusting alpha and the universal baryon density, no value of alpha allows
all three to be accommodated simultaneously without consideration of systematic
error. The combination of measured abundances with observations of acoustic
peaks in the cosmic microwave background favors no change in alpha within the
uncertainties.Comment: Phys. Rev. D accepted version; minor changes in response to refere
Limits on Cosmological Variation of Strong Interaction and Quark Masses from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic, Laboratory and Oklo Data
Recent data on cosmological variation of the electromagnetic fine structure
constant from distant quasar (QSO) absorption spectra have inspired a more
general discussion of possible variation of other constants. We discuss
variation of strong scale and quark masses. We derive the limits on their
relative change from (i) primordial Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN); (ii)
Oklo natural nuclear reactor, (iii) quasar absorption spectra, and (iv)
laboratory measurements of hyperfine intervals.Comment: 10 pages 2 figurs: second version have several references added and
some new comment
About Bianchi I with VSL
In this paper we study how to attack, through different techniques, a perfect
fluid Bianchi I model with variable G,c and Lambda, but taking into account the
effects of a -variable into the curvature tensor. We study the model under
the assumption,div(T)=0. These tactics are: Lie groups method (LM), imposing a
particular symmetry, self-similarity (SS), matter collineations (MC) and
kinematical self-similarity (KSS). We compare both tactics since they are quite
similar (symmetry principles). We arrive to the conclusion that the LM is too
restrictive and brings us to get only the flat FRW solution. The SS, MC and KSS
approaches bring us to obtain all the quantities depending on \int c(t)dt.
Therefore, in order to study their behavior we impose some physical
restrictions like for example the condition q<0 (accelerating universe). In
this way we find that is a growing time function and Lambda is a decreasing
time function whose sing depends on the equation of state, w, while the
exponents of the scale factor must satisfy the conditions
and
, i.e. for all equation of state relaxing in this way the
Kasner conditions. The behavior of depends on two parameters, the equation
of state and a parameter that controls the behavior of
therefore may be growing or decreasing.We also show that through
the Lie method, there is no difference between to study the field equations
under the assumption of a var affecting to the curvature tensor which the
other one where it is not considered such effects.Nevertheless, it is essential
to consider such effects in the cases studied under the SS, MC, and KSS
hypotheses.Comment: 29 pages, Revtex4, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space
Scienc
Bianchi II with time varying constants. Self-similar approach
We study a perfect fluid Bianchi II models with time varying constants under
the self-similarity approach. In the first of the studied model, we consider
that only vary and The obtained solution is more general that
the obtained one for the classical solution since it is valid for an equation
of state while in the classical solution
Taking into account the current observations, we conclude
that must be a growing time function while is a positive
decreasing function. In the second of the studied models we consider a variable
speed of light (VSL). We obtain a similar solution as in the first model
arriving to the conclusions that must be a growing time function if
is a positive decreasing function.Comment: 10 pages. RevTeX
Quantum Metrology: Towards an alternative definition for the meter
The motivation for this article came from an attempt to give an alternative
definition for the meter, the SI unit for measuring length. As a starting point
towards this goal, in this piece of work we present the underlying theory
behind our approach which uses ideas from quantum field theory and
noncommutative geometry, in particular the notion of an odd K-cycle which is
based on the Dirac operator (and its inverse, the Dirac propagator). Using (the
perhaps more familiar) physics terminology, the key point in our strategy is
this: instead of measuring length directly in space-time we measure the
"algebraic (spectral) length" in the space of the corresponding quantum states
of some particle (fermion) acted upon by the Dirac propagator. This approach
shares the spirit of the unanimus vote of the 24th General Conference of
Standards and Measures (21st October 2011) in Serves, France for the
redefinition of the fundamental units using Planck's constant.Comment: Extended version of an invited talk during the 4th Tactical
Conference on Metrology, 3-4 February 2012, National Technical University of
Athens, Athens Greec
Accumulation of phosphorus fractions and contamination potential in vineyard soils in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Some remarks on the angular momenta of galaxies, their clusters and superclusters
We discuss the relation between angular momenta and masses of galaxy
structures base on the Li model of the universe with global rotation. In our
previous paper (God{\l}owski et al 2002) it was shown that the model predicts
the presence of a minimum in this relation. In the present paper we discuss
observational evidence allowing us to verify this relation. We find null
angular momentum J=0 for the masses corresponding to mass of galaxy grups and
non-vanishing angular momenta for other galactic structures. We check these
theoretical predictions analysing Tully's galaxy grups. The existing data
comparing alignment in different galactic structure are consistent with
obtained theoretical relation if we interpret the groving alignment as
the galactic increasing angular momenta in the galactic structure.Comment: 20 pages 1 figure. GRG accepte
Gravitational Radiation From Cosmological Turbulence
An injection of energy into the early Universe on a given characteristic
length scale will result in turbulent motions of the primordial plasma. We
calculate the stochastic background of gravitational radiation arising from a
period of cosmological turbulence, using a simple model of isotropic
Kolmogoroff turbulence produced in a cosmological phase transition. We also
derive the gravitational radiation generated by magnetic fields arising from a
dynamo operating during the period of turbulence. The resulting gravitational
radiation background has a maximum amplitude comparable to the radiation
background from the collision of bubbles in a first-order phase transition, but
at a lower frequency, while the radiation from the induced magnetic fields is
always subdominant to that from the turbulence itself. We briefly discuss the
detectability of such a signal.Comment: 20 pages. Corrections for an errant factor of 2 in all the gravity
wave characteristic amplitudes. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Determination of collisional properties of cold Na atoms from analysis of bound-state photoassociation and Feshbach resonance field data
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