30,073 research outputs found
Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
It is pointed out recently that the quantum Hall states in bilayer
systems behave like easy plane quantum ferromagnets. We study the
magnetotransport of these systems using their ``ferromagnetic" properties and a
novel spin-charge relation of their excitations. The general transport is a
combination of the ususal Hall transport and a time dependent transport with
time average. The latter is due to a phase slippage process in
and is characterized by two topological constants. (Figures will be
provided upon requests).Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, Ohio State Universit
Skyrmion Physics in Bose-Einstein Ferromagnets
We show that a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate has not only line-like
vortex excitations, but in general also allows for point-like topological
excitations, i.e., skyrmions. We discuss the thermodynamic stability and the
dynamic properties of these skyrmions for both spin-1/2 and ferromagnetic
spin-1 Bose gases.Comment: 31 pages, 7 JPEG figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Submillimeter Array multiline observations of the massive star-forming region IRAS 18089-1732
Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the high-mass star-forming region
IRAS 18089-1732 in the 1 mm and 850 m band with 1 GHz bandwidth reveal a
wealth of information. We present the observations of 34 lines from 16
different molecular species. Most molecular line maps show significant
contributions from the outflow, and only few molecules are confined to the
inner core. We present and discuss the molecular line observations and outline
the unique capabilities of the SMA for future imaging line surveys at high
spatial resolution.Comment: Accepted for ApJ Letters, SMA special volum
SMA outflow/disk studies in the massive star-forming region IRAS18089-1732
SMA observations of the massive star-forming region IRAS 18089-1732 in the
1mm and 850mu band reveal outflow and disk signatures in different molecular
lines. The SiO(5--4) data show a collimated outflow in the northern direction.
In contrast, the HCOOCH3(20--19) line, which traces high-density gas, is
confined to the very center of the region and shows a velocity gradient across
the core. The HCOOCH3 velocity gradient is not exactly perpendicular to the
outflow axis but between an assumed disk plane and the outflow axis. We
interpret these HCOOCH3 features as originating from a rotating disk that is
influenced by the outflow and infall. Based on the (sub-)mm continuum emission,
the mass of the central core is estimated to be around 38M_sun. The dynamical
mass derived from the HCOOCH3 data is 22Msun, of about the same order as the
core mass. Thus, the mass of the protostar/disk/envelope system is dominated by
its disk and envelope. The two frequency continuum data of the core indicate a
low dust opacity index beta ~ 1.2 in the outer part, decreasing to beta ~ 0.5
on shorter spatial scales.Comment: 7 pages of text, 1 table, 3 figures, accepted for ApJ Letter
Families of Graphs With Chromatic Zeros Lying on Circles
We define an infinite set of families of graphs, which we call -wheels and
denote , that generalize the wheel () and biwheel ()
graphs. The chromatic polynomial for is calculated, and
remarkably simple properties of the chromatic zeros are found: (i) the real
zeros occur at for even and for odd;
and (ii) the complex zeros all lie, equally spaced, on the unit circle
in the complex plane. In the limit, the zeros
on this circle merge to form a boundary curve separating two regions where the
limiting function is analytic, viz., the exterior and
interior of the above circle. Connections with statistical mechanics are noted.Comment: 8 pages, Late
The Dynamics of Molecular Material Within 15 pcs of the Galactic Center
We report the results of a 5-field mosaic of the central 15pc of the Galaxy
in the (1,1) and (2,2) lines of NH3. Two narrow filaments or streamers are seen
running parallel to the Galactic plane. The southern streamer appears to carry
gas directly toward the nuclear region from the 20 km/s cloud. The eastern
streamer, which we will denote the molecular ridge, appears to be the denser
part of the 50 km/s cloud which lies immediately east of the Sgr A East complex
and extends in the south towards the 20 km/s cloud. This ridge of gas carries
the kinematical signatures of interactions with Sgr A East as well as a SNR
which lies south of the Galactic center. The bulk motion of the gas, the
enhanced line widths, and the heating of the molecular material all suggest an
active evolutionary phase for the gas immediately adjacent to the nucleus.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa
Effects of Zeeman spin splitting on the modular symmetry in the quantum Hall effect
Magnetic-field-induced phase transitions in the integer quantum Hall effect
are studied under the formation of paired Landau bands arising from Zeeman spin
splitting. By investigating features of modular symmetry, we showed that
modifications to the particle-hole transformation should be considered under
the coupling between the paired Landau bands. Our study indicates that such a
transformation should be modified either when the Zeeman gap is much smaller
than the cyclotron gap, or when these two gaps are comparable.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Effect of heat, pH and coating process with stearic acid using a fluidized bed granulator on viability of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri C 10
This study was conducted to investigate the use of a fluidized bed granulator to coat a probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri C 10 with stearic acid with a view to enhance its survival rate during storage. L reuteri C 10 cells of two treatments, namely, freeze-dried cells incorporated with trehalose and sucrose as cryoprotectants prior to freeze-drying, and freeze-dried cells without any incorporation of cryoprotectants were evaluated. Since the pH of stearic acid is 5.5 and the melting point is 57.23°C, and the inlet temperature of the fluidized bed granulator could be as high as 70°C, a preliminary study was initiated to determine the tolerance of L. reuteri C 10 cells to heat exposure from 58 to 70°C and acidic conditions of pH 4 to 6 for 60 min, during which the cell viabilities were determined every 15 min. In the coating process, 2:3 ratio of freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells and stearic acid, fluidization air of 20 to 50 rpm, coating rate of 40 to 80 g/min and inlet and outlet temperatures of between 50 to 70°C were assessed for optimization of the fluidized bed granulator. Results of the preliminary study showed that freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells incorporated with cryoprotectants exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) less cell loss than cells without cryoprotectants when exposed to 62°C for 15 to 60 min, 64 °C for 15 to 30 min, 66°C for 30 min and 68°C for 15 to 30 min. Freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells with cryoprotectants were also able to survive for 15 min at 70°C, but not freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells without cryoprotectants. Freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells with or without cryoprotectants could tolerate acidic conditions and there was growth and increase in cell viability at pH 4, 5 and 6. However, cells with cryoprotectants had significantly (P < 0.05) more growth when exposed to pH 5 for 30 to 60 min, and pH 6 for 15 to 60 min than cells without cryoprotectants. The application of a fluidized bed granulator to coat L. reuteri C 10 cells with or without cryoprotectants with melted stearic was not successful in this study because the fluidized bed granulator could not maintain the temperature of stearic acid above its melting point which led to clogging of the tube and spray nozzle of the fluidized bed granulator or resulted in the formation of a big lump of stearic acid and L. reuteri C 10 cells instead of uniform coated cell granules. Installation of a temperature jacket on the fluidized bed granulator may be necessary to control the temperature of stearic acid in the tube and spray nozzle above melting point.Key words: Coating, fluidized bed granulator, Lactobacillus reuteri C10, stearic acid
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