8,362 research outputs found

    An econometric analysis of U.S. oil demand

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    Petroleum industry and trade ; Power resources - Prices

    The relationship between EUV dimming and coronal mass ejections

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    Aims. There have been many studies of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) dimming in association with coronal mass ejection (CME) onsets. However, there has never been a thorough statistical study of this association, covering appropriate temperature ranges. Thus, we make use of a large campaign database utilising the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) and the Large Angle and Spectrometric COronagraph (LASCO) both on the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) to associate dimming events detected at 1 and 2 million K with CME activity. The aim is to confirm whether the dimming-CME association is real or not. This in turn will confirm whether special attention should be paid to the EUV dimming in the pre-eruption and eruption periods to study the CME onset process itself. Methods. The CDS CME onset campaign data for Mg IX and FE XVI observations on the solar limb are used to compare to LASCO event lists over a period from 1998 to 2005. Dimming events are identified and the physical extent explored, whilst comparing the events to overlying CME activity. Results. For the identified dimming regions we have shown strong associations with CME onsets, with up to 55% of the dimming events being associated with CME activity. This is compared to the random case where up to 47% of the dimming regions are expected to be associated with CMEs. We have also shown that up to 84% of CMEs associated with our data can be tracked back to dimming regions. This compares to a random case of up to 58%. Conclusions. These results confirm the CME-EUV dimming association, using a statistical analysis for the first time. We discuss the repercussions for the study of CME onsets, i.e. analysis of the dimming regions and the periods up to such dimming may be key to understanding the pre-CME onset plasma processes. The results stress that one emission line may not be sufficient for associating dimming regions with CMEs

    Reconstructing Pleading: Twombly, Iqbal, and the Limited Role of the Plausibility Inquiry

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    Although critics have generally failed to appreciate the limited role of the plausibility inquiry, it is still necessary in some cases. I will therefore, in the discussion of plausibility within the three-step framework, provide a general defense of Twombly and Iqbal by recasting the decisions in light of a plaintiff‘s burden to certify to a court that the factual contentions in a complaint ―will likely have evidentiary support under Rule 11. Under this view of the plausibility inquiry, a court acts as a neutral third-party that simply evaluates a plaintiff‘s ability to predict her own likelihood of success. Instead, a court engaging in the plausibility inquiry gauges whether the plaintiff has accurately predicted that his or her claim ―will likely have evidentiary support.8 To give a proper context to these arguments, I will begin in Part I by providing a very short introduction to pleading practice before the Supreme Court‘s decisions in Twombly and Iqbal. In Part II, I will then describe the Twombly and Iqbal cases in detail. After providing this introductory discussion, I will proceed in Part III to develop the arguments outlined above before briefly concluding in Part IV with a short summary

    Remote sensing based assessment of fire severity

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    Montana

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    In 2019, Montana produced nearly twenty-three million barrels of crude oil, up slightly from its 2018 production, and 48.5 million cubic feet of natural gas. Through mid-2020, both crude oil and natural gas production declined by more than 25% when compared to the same period in 2012

    Montana Oil and Gas Update

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    The Montana Supreme Court did not issue any decisions in 2012 addressing oil and gas leasing or ownership issues. However, in Montana Wildlife Federation v. Montana Board of Oil & Gas Conservation, the Court issued a decision addressing the relationship between the statute governing drilling permit approvals by the Montana Board of Oil and Gas Conservation ( MBOGC ) and the Montana Environmental Policy Act ( MEPA )

    Montana

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    In Burlington Resources Oil & Gas Co. v. Lang & Sons, Inc., the Montana Supreme Court evaluated the issue of what damages a mineral owner must pay to a surface owner to use pore space for wastewater disposal

    Northern Rocky Mountain Region: Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho

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    This Article examines significant developments in oil and gas law for the Northern Rocky Mountain Region, including Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho
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