Myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVES: There is very little evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of alcohol septal ablation versus septal myectomy for a septal reduction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to compare the immediate and long-term outcomes of these procedures. METHODS: Following propensity score matching, we retrospectively analysed outcomes in 105 patients who underwent myectomy and 105 who underwent septal ablation between 2011 and 2017 at 2 reference centres. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.9 ± 14.3 and 52.2 ± 14.3 years in the myectomy and ablation groups, respectively (P = 0.855), and postoperative left ventricular outflow tract gradients were 13 (10-19) mmHg vs 16 (12-26) mmHg; P = 0.025. The 1-year prevalence of the New York Heart Association class III-IV was higher in the ablation group (none vs 6.4%; P = 0.041). The 5-year overall survival rate [96.8% (86.3-99.3) after myectomy and 93.5% (85.9-97.1) after ablation; P = 0.103] and cumulative incidence of sudden cardiac death [0% and 1.9% (0.5-7.5), respectively P = 0.797] did not differ between the groups. The cumulative reoperation rate within 5 years was lower after myectomy than after ablation [2.0% (0.5-7.6) vs 14.6% (8.6-24.1); P = 0.003]. Ablation was associated with a higher reoperation risk (subdistributional hazard ratio = 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.3-26.3, P = 0.020). At follow-up, left ventricular outflow tract gradient [16 (11-20) vs 23 (15-59) mmHg; P < 0.001] and prevalence of 2+ mitral regurgitation (1.1% vs 10.6%; P = 0.016) were lower after myectomy than after ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures improved functional capacity; however, myectomy better-resolved classes III-IV of heart failure. Septal ablation was associated with higher reoperation rates. Myectomy demonstrated benefits in gradient relief and mitral regurgitation elimination. The results suggest that decreasing rates of myectomy procedures need to be investigated and reconsidered. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved

Meshalkin National Medical Research Center

We present three cases of successful transatrial transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction. Patients with a high surgical risk, with severe heart failure due to bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction, were implanted with transcatheter prostheses using the transatrial approach.Transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy-guided transcatheter mitral prosthetic valve positioning was performed. With a cardiac pacing at 180 bpm, a transcatheter valve was implanted. The transcatheter valves functioned properly after surgery. The patients were discharged in satisfactory condition

РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ВЫХОДНОГО ОТДЕЛА ПРАВОГО ЖЕЛУДОЧКА ВО ВРЕМЯ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ РОССА: СРАВНЕНИЕ ЛЕГОЧНЫХ АЛЛОГРАФТОВ И КСЕНОПЕРИКАРДИАЛЬНЫХ КОНДУИТОВ

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the results of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during the Ross procedure with pulmonary allografts versus diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts. Methods Between 1998 and 2015, 793 adult patients underwent the Ross procedure. The right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was performed with pulmonary allografts in 185 patients, diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts in 402 patients. Two groups of patients (122 patients in each group) were allocated using «propensity score matching»: the allograft group (pulmonary allograft) and the xenograft group (xenograft). Surgical results in two groups were assessed. Results The overall early mortality rate in both groups was 2.5%. The mean follow-up was 5,1±2,6 years in the allograft group and 5,2±2,8 years in xenograft group (p = 0,692). The 5-year survival rate did not differ between the study groups (93,7±2,6% in the allograft group versus 94,02±2,4% in the xenograft group, p = 0.748). The peak pressure gradients across the right ventricular outflow tract in early and mid-term follow-up were significantly higher in the xenograft group. Two patients in the xenograft group underwent redo surgeries due to the graft failure. There were no reoperations in the allograft group (p = 0,176). The freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reoperations was 96,3±2,7% for the xenograft group. Conclusion The diepoxide-treated pericardial xenografts demonstrates acceptable haemodynamic results at the mid-term follow-up and could be considered as an alternative to allografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during the Ross procedure in adults. Further study focused on the assessment of the longterm results are required.Цель Сравнить результаты применения легочных аллографтов и эпоксиобработанных ксеноперикардиальных кондуитов во время процедуры Росса. Материалы и методы В период с 1998 г. по 2015 г. 793 взрослым пациентам (≥18 лет) выполнена процедура Росса. В 185 случаях для реконструкции выходного отдела правого желудочка использовались легочные аллографты, в 402 – эпоксиобработанные ксеноперикардиальные кондуиты. C помощью методики «propensity score matching» были сформированы две сопоставимые группы по 122 пациента: группа ЛА (легочный аллографт) и группа КГ (ксенографт). Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов оперативного лечения в обеих группах. Результаты Ранняя летальность составила 2,5% в обеих группах. Средний срок наблюдения для группы ЛА составил 5,1±2,6 лет, для группы КГ – 5,2±2,8 лет (p = 0,692). Группы не различались по показателю отдаленной выживаемости: 93,7±2,6% и 94,02±2,4% через 5 лет после операции, для групп ЛА и КГ соответственно (p = 0,748). Пиковый градиент на выходном отделе правого желудочка в раннем и среднеотдаленном послеоперационном периодах был статистически значимо выше в группе КГ. В группе КГ выполнено 2 повторные операции по поводу дисфункции ксенокондуита, в группе ЛА повторных операций не было (р = 0,176). Свобода от реопераций на выходном отделе правого желудочка в группе КГ составила 96,3±2,7%. Заключение Эпоксиобработанные ксеноперикардиальные кондуиты демонстрируют удовлетворительные гемодинамические показатели в среднеотдаленном периоде и могут быть использованы в качестве альтернативы легочным аллографтам при реконструкции выходного отдела правого желудочка во время процедуры Росса у взрослых. Необходим анализ отдаленных результатов

The first experience of implantation of the transcatheter aortal valve prosthesis “MedLab-KT”

Aim. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with high and extremely high risk has become a routine procedure in many cardiac surgery clinics. Until recently, there were no transcatheter prostheses produced within Russia. This article analyzes the results of applying the first domestic transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis MedLab­KT. Material and methods. In the period from June 2018 to October 2018, 7 operations of transcatheter aortic valve replacement were made using the MedLabKT prosthesis. In all cases, implantation was performed by transapical access.Results. We noted one death. In all cases, paraprosthetic regurgitation was not registrated or was not significant. There are no cases of dislocation of the prosthesis. There were no complications associated with access. In one case, implantation was complicated by myocardial infarction.Conclusion. The first experience of implantation demonstrated the efficacy and safety of using the MedLab­LT prosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The analysis of long­term results is required

The results of transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Mitral insufficiency is one of the most common valvular pathology. In almost half of the patients, standard mitral valve replacement using extracorporeal circulation cannot be used due to the high risk of complications. In recent years, for this category of patients a method for transcatheter mitral valve replacement has been proposed. Now it is known about a few transcatheter prostheses for implantation into the native mitral valve that are at the stage of preclinical or clinical trials. This article analyzes the results of the clinical use of prostheses for transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Commentary to the update 2017 AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease

Commentary to the update 2017 AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart diseas

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEFT CHAMBERS OF THE HEART BASED ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DATA: AN INSTRUMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSCATHETER VALVES

Aim. Comparative analysis of the acquired with EchoCG method parameters of the left chambers of the heart and of mitral valve in normal state and in restrictive type of failure with further building up three-dimensional models of these variants of the fibrous anulus geometry, and of the left atrium, left ventricle and its outgoing tract.Material and methods. The study was done using 3D transthoracal and transesophageal EchoCG on Philips iE33 (Philips Healthcare, USA) in 30 patients with unchanged mitral valve (n=15) and in ischemic mitral regurgitation (n=15). Spatial configuration of the anulus fibrosus was investigated, and mitral valve, spatial and volumetric parameters of the left atrium and left ventricle. Data was processed in SciLab 4.1.2 software and exported to CATIA 5 modelling system, where the acquired curves were combined to 2 solid thin-wall models, and after linking of the surfaces — to a hard-bodied model with required thickness of the walls.Results. All studied parameters revealed significant differences (p&lt;0,001) in groups comparison. In restrictive type of insufficiency, sizes of fibrous anulus increase: intercomissural diameter by 22%, front-back — by 13%, perimeter — by 28%, surface — by 79%. End systolic and diastolic volumes of the LV increase more than 2 times, which is related with more prominent sphericity of the LV, than normally. Increase of LA more than 1,5 times also combines with its geometry change towards sphere. Three dimensional computer model of the left heart chambers changed as a result of ischemic mitral failure, is created. The model can be implemented in creation, analysis and prediction of medical devices for the position and/or realized as the full-sized mockups, test systems and phantoms for development and education.Conclusion. The investigation of mitral valve characteristics and of the left heart chambers by method of 3D transthoracal and transesophageal echocardiography makes it to obtain the baseline data necessary for creation of 3D computed models of the anatomic area normal and disordered. Such models can be implemented in the development of implanted devices constructions, preliminary tests of medical devices and in training