Iodination of Alkylbenzenes using Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Dichromate / I2 System

An efficient and rapid method have been found using benzyltriphenylphosphonium dichromate (PhCH2PPh3)2Cr2O7 as an oxidant along with molecular iodine for the iodination of aromatic compounds. Iodination of a wide variety of alkyl benzenes were done under dichloromethane solvent system and high yields of iodo products were obtaine

Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - an overview

Corrosion occurs due to chemical and electrochemical reactions. Polymeric materials adrorb on the metal sutjiace and offer inhibition to corrosion. In this overview polymeric materials employed to inhibit the corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous materials in acidic and neutral media are presented. Polymers which act both as antiscalant and inhibitors are also discussed

Aldimines – effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

New and effective aldimine types of corrosion inhibitors namely, N-methylidene octylamine (MOA), N-ethylidene octylamine (EOA) and N-propylidene octylamine (POA) have been synthesized. Their inhibition efficiency was investigated for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by various corrosion monitoring techniques. A preliminary screening of the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitors was carried out by weight loss and gasometric studies. They were found to behave as good inhibitors in 1 M HCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that aldimines are mixed type inhibitors. The extent of the decrease in the hydrogen permeation current through the mild steel surface was studied by the hydrogen permeation technique and it was found that the decrease was in the order POA > EOA > MOA. Double layer capacitance and charge transfer resistance values were derived from Nyquist plots obtained from AC impedance studies. The adsorption of these compounds on mild steel from 1 M HCl solution obeys the Temkin adsorption isotherm

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of nano-crystalline LiCoO2 powder by a novel sol-gel thermolysis process for Li-ion batteries

Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO,) which is being widely used as cathode material powder was prepared by a novel sol-gel thermolysis process using urea and PVA in pH-2 and pH-5 respectively at a low temperature of 390°C. Thermal study shows that the complete crystallization and/or phase forma-tion of the compound is at 390°C. The XRD analysis confirm that the product obtained at pH—2 has more single phase than the product obtained at pH-5. SEM studies shows that the average grain size of the powder is <1 gm. In order to assess the electrochemical reversibility of the prepared LiCo02, cyclic voltammetry study was carried out by fabr-icating button cell in the configuration of Carbon/ M PPE /LiCo0

Systematic review on copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in the treatment of apical periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is an inflammation and destruction of the periradicular tissues due to various insults to the pulp in the form of infection, trauma, and faulty dental procedures. Conditions regarding this are treated employing root canal therapy. Recent innovations show that copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles and their electrophoresis can be used to treat apical periodontitis effectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in the treatment of apical periodontitis, a literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, and Lilacs using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms Copper calcium hydroxide, apical periodontitis, nanoparticles, and electrophoresis. Of a total of 167 articles screened, 44 were full-text articles assessed for eligibility and four articles were taken for the qualitative analysis. This review was recorded according to the PRISMA GUIDELINES. Four randomized controlled trials were included in the review process. The copper calcium hydroxide particles were compared with other root canal medicament materials. It was found that copper calcium hydroxide and its electrophoresis were used in the treatment of apical periodontitis and were found to be one of the effective methods. Copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles were effective against the destruction of the periradicular tissues

Assessing the effect of iron on oral health status among the general population residing in high and low levels of iron blocks in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional study

Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of iron on oral health status among the general population residing in high and low levels of iron blocks in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the impact of iron on oral health among people in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. The sample size was estimated to be 600, which were equally divided into two groups based on the high and low levels of iron (300 samples) content of water in the Namakkal district based on the multistage random sampling method. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and oral hygiene practices of the people. Dental stains were recorded using a modified Lobene stain index. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The area and intensity of the dental stains were not significant with age, gender, and blocks. There was no statistically significant difference between the high iron and low iron blocks for the area (A), intensity (I), and I × A of stains. Conclusion: The study concludes that the water samples with both high and low levels of iron had a strong impact on the oral health of the people

Effect of asfotase alfa in the treatment of hypophosphatasia- A systematic review

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a life-threatening disease that occurs due to the mutation of the TNSALP (Tissue nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase) encoding gene. There is no approved treatment for Hypophosphatasia. Therefore, the only effective treatment for HPP is enzyme replacement therapy using the drug asfotase alfa which increases the patient's life span. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of asfotase alfa (enzyme replacement therapy) in treating HPP. A Literature search was done using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, and Wiley LILACS utilizing MeSH keywords such as – Hypophosphatasia and asfotase alfa. A total of 411 articles were screened, of which four articles were taken for this qualitative analysis. Reporting of this systematic review is done by using PRISMA guidelines. Asfotase alfa/enzyme replacement therapy is examined on patients with different age groups and on congenital HPP patients to assess the effectiveness of HPP treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy using asfotase alfa is an effective and assured treatment for infants, children, and adults suffering from HPP

Effect of fluoride on oral health status among general population residing in high- and low-level fluoride blocks in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant. Results: The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%. Conclusion: This study's contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments

Comparative analysis of various forms of local drug delivery systems on a class 2 furcation – A systematic review

Class II mandibular furcation defect is a periodontal condition characterized by a cul-de-sac lesion, a definite parallel constituent with only a portion of alveolar bone remaining intact. There may be involvement of vertical bone loss. Local drug deliveries such as Boric acid, alendronate gel, and other drugs exhibited anti-inflammatory, antibacterial & osteoblastic differentiation activity. The present systematic review compares the drugs based on their outcomes and pharmacological action. To analzse & compare various forms of local drug delivery systems on a class II furcation. A search was conducted using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, and Pub Med central using MeSH terms – local drug delivery in periodontics, boric acid in the management of class II mandibular furcation, simvastatin in the treatment of furcation. A total of 560 articles were screened; 58 out of 560 were full-text articles accessed for eligibility, and five articles were included in the systematic review. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting this review. In addition, five randomized controlled trials were enclosed and used in this systematic review. The various local drugs used in treating class II mandibular furcation defects are effective in the prevention of bleeding on probing, bone resorption, gingival bleeding index and increase in the bone fill, and microbial deposit removal. The managing of class II mandibular furcation defect with the drugs mentioned in this review can be effective by reducing several clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing, gingival indices, osteoblastic differentiation, bone fill, etc., Considering the results of the studies, it can be concluded that it can be used as a therapeutic therapy against class II furcation defects with positive outcomes

Grid based reliable routing in WSN

The requirement for carrying out solid information move in remote sensor networks is as yet an open issue in the examination local area. Despite the fact that bunch directing plans are described by their low upward and productivity in solid information move in customary remote sensor organization, this potential is still yet to be used for reasonable directing choices in the climate with deterrents and voids, through voracious and border sending. In this paper, an original Grid-Based Reliable Routing (GBRR) strategy is introduced. This is accomplished by the formation of virtual groups in light of square networks from which the following jump decision is made in light of intra-group and between bunch correspondence quality. The reenactment result shows that the created plan can make greater progression to the BS as against the standard choices of important grouping course select activities, while guaranteeing channel quality. Further recreation results have shown the upgraded unwavering quality, lower idleness and energy effectiveness of the gave conspire arbitrarily hubs and snags dispersion