297 research outputs found
Reducing the Harm of Criminal Victimization: The Role of Restitution
Restitution is a court-ordered payment by offenders to their victims to cover the victims\u27 economic losses resulting from the crime. These losses can be substantial and can harm victims and victims\u27 families both directly and indirectly. But most victims do not receive reparation for their injuries, both because judges do not always impose restitution and because of problems with collecting restitution payments, even if there is a court order to do so. In this article, we review the literature on restitution and suggest that this compensatory mechanism is necessary to restore victims to where they were before the crime occurred. But monetary restitution alone is not sufficient. Making victims whole requires not only financial compensation from the offender but also procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice from the criminal justice system
Sigma-model soliton intersections from exceptional calibrations
A first-order `BPS' equation is obtained for 1/8 supersymmetric intersections
of soliton-membranes (lumps) of supersymmetric (4+1)-dimensional massless sigma
models, and a special non-singular solution is found that preserves 1/4
supersymmetry. For 4-dimensional hyper-K\"ahler target spaces () the BPS
equation is shown to be the low-energy limit of the equation for a
Cayley-calibrated 4-surface in \bE^4\times HK_4. Similar first-order
equations are found for stationary intersections of Q-lump-membranes of the
massive sigma model, but now generic solutions preserve either 1/8
supersymmetry or no supersymmetry, depending on the time orientation.Comment: 21 pages. Version 3: Minor corrections and one further reference:
version published in JHE
More on scattering of Chern-Simons vortices
I derive a general formalism for finding kinetic terms of the effective
Lagrangian for slowly moving Chern-Simons vortices. Deformations of fields
linear in velocities are taken into account. From the equations they must
satisfy I extract the kinetic term in the limit of coincident vortices. For
vortices passing one over the other there is locally the right-angle
scattering. The method is based on analysis of field equations instead of
action functional so it may be useful also for nonvariational equations in
nonrelativistic models of Condensed Matter Physics.Comment: discussion around Eq.(45) is generalised, one more condition for the
local right-angle scattering is adde
Remarks on gauge vortex scattering
In the abelian Higgs model, among other situations, it has recently been
realized that the head-on scattering of solitons distributed symmetrically
around the point of scattering is by an angle , independant of various
details of the scattering. In this note, it is first observed that this result
is in fact not entirely surprising: the above is one of only two possible
outcomes. Then, a generalization of an argument given by Ruback for the case of
two gauge theory vortices in the Bogomol'nyi limit is used to show that in the
geodesic approximation the above result follows from purely geometric
considerations.Comment: 6 pages, revtex, missing authors added to one referenc
Magnetic bubble refraction and quasibreathers in inhomogeneous antiferromagnets
The dynamics of magnetic bubble solitons in a two-dimensional isotropic
antiferromagnetic spin lattice is studied, in the case where the exchange
integral J(x,y) is position dependent. In the near continuum regime, this
system is described by the relativistic O(3) sigma model on a spacetime with a
spatially inhomogeneous metric, determined by J. The geodesic approximation is
used to describe low energy soliton dynamics in this system: n-soliton motion
is approximated by geodesic motion in the moduli space of static n-solitons,
equipped with the L^2 metric. Explicit formulae for this metric for various
natural choices of J(x,y) are obtained. From these it is shown that single
soliton trajectories experience refraction, with 1/J analogous to the
refractive index, and that this refraction effect allows the construction of
simple bubble lenses and bubble guides. The case where J has a disk
inhomogeneity (taking the value J_1 outside a disk, and J_2<J_1 inside) is
considered in detail. It is argued that, for sufficiently large J_1/J_2 this
type of antiferromagnet supports approximate quasibreathers: two or more
coincident bubbles confined within the disk which spin internally while their
shape undergoes periodic oscillations with a generically incommensurate period.Comment: Conference proceedings paper for talk given at Nonlinear Physics
Theory and Experiment IV, Gallipoli, Italy, June 200
Vortex Dynamics in Selfdual Maxwell-Higgs Systems with Uniform Background Electric Charge Density
We introduce selfdual Maxwell-Higgs systems with uniform background electric
charge density and show that the selfdual equations satisfied by topological
vortices can be reduced to the original Bogomol'nyi equations without any
background. These vortices are shown to carry no spin but to feel the Magnus
force due to the shielding charge carried by the Higgs field. We also study the
dynamics of slowly moving vortices and show that the spin-statistics theorem
holds to our vortices.Comment: 24 pages + 2 figures ( not included), Cu-TP-611, IASSNS-HEP-93/33,
NSF-ITP-93-13
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