System Dynamics Model For The Simulation Of A Non Multi Echelon Supply Chain: Analysis and Optimization Utilizing The Berkeley Madonna Software

— In today’s global market, managing the entire supply chain becomes a key factor for a successful business. World-class organizations realize that non-integrated manufacturing and distribution processes together with poor relationships with suppliers and customers are a huge limit for their success. One of the most important aspect affecting the performance of a supply chain is the management of inventories. Inventory management in the supply chain system is quite a complex issue because demand at the upstream stage is dependent on orders from the downstream stage, and the final downstream stage receives orders from the market in uncertain conditions. Uncertainty is one of the major obstacle which limits the creation of an effective supply chain inventory model, able to optimize times and costs. Being the management of a complex inventory model too difficult to analyze with traditional analytical mathematical methods, computer simulation is widely used to study this kind of problems. This paper has the goal of modeling a single echelon supply chain and optimizing its inventories levels so to reduce the bullwhip effect and consequently minimize the supply chain costs. The supply chain here proposed consists of five stages – customer, retailer, wholesaler, distributor and factory – and its modeling is carried out through a system dynamics approach, utilizing the Berkeley Madonna software

The Main Economic Aspects of Completing and Use of Agricultural Machinery in the Conditions of Plant Growing of Kazakhstan

One of the main problems for development of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) is inefficient use of machine and tractor fleet. Now a significant amount of the agricultural enterprises owing to shortage of money are compelled to use outdated equipment that is accompanied by increase of expenses for repair, performance of agro technical works not in established periods and with considerable losses of agricultural production. And those enterprises which have necessary means for updating of the machine and tractor fleet, often acquire equipment, without paying attention to already available branded structure of machine and tractor fleet and its fitness to local natural and economic conditions. As a result because of no optimality of structure of machine and tractor fleet (MTF) of the enterprise of the technician it is used inefficiently and also it is accompanied by serious losses of agricultural production. As the result, owing to big losses, prime cost of agricultural production constantly grows that is negatively reflected in financial results of the enterprise

Engineering Solutions 4.0 in the fight against the spread of Covid 19 A new Methodology including processes, procedures and devices

Thanks to the principles and technologies made available by Industry 4.0, the authors conceptualized and modeled a new strategy, capable of making an effective contribution to the problem of limiting contagion from Covid19 today, and tomorrow from any possible other type virus, bacteria or pathogen agent introduced by subjects who, although unaware of being vectors, develop the infection only after their access to the places of stay (Hotel, office, Infrastructure, etc.) where they go to reside. The key point of the strategy is a 4.0 thermoscanner, created by the authors, which is positioned in appropriately chosen locations of the settlement and an innovative method of disinfection of the same implemented by means of UV-C rays and Ozone in the gaseous state, produced by a machine, also conceptualized and developed by the authors, capable of reproducing the Chapman Cycle with the associated advantages. Therefore, it is operated an absolute disinfection based on a reversible cycle Oxygen-Ozone-Oxygen, with a prompt re-habitability of the treated rooms, with minimal treatment costs and without the use of expensive and unhealthy chemicals or wet water vapor (incompatible with paper and electronics). This technology was described in the paper “Sanitizing of Confined Spaces Using Gaseous Ozone Produced by 4.0 Machines” presented by the authors to the WCE 2021 IAENG Congress and awarded with the “Best Paper Award of the 2021 International Conference of Systems Biology and Bioengineering”. In the presence of a Person with a fever, the thermoscanner automatically launches an alert to the site Safety officers, who confine him to an isolated place and make the Health Institutions intervene and take it over

Through Engineering 4.0 the Safe Operating Block for Patients and Medical Staff

The Paper deals with the management of the operating block in its many activities. By a new approach and with innovative machinery specific several problems were thus studied and overcome, such as the control of hospital infections, the operations of washing and sterilization of surgical instruments, the planning of interventions, the tracking of drugs and medical devices entering the operating block, the management of stocks, the bed management, the monitoring of environmental parameters for patient comfort and safety, the monitoring of machines and the interlocking of doors, etc. Furthermore, it is proposed a wide use of the analytical tools to support decision making, extended to the most modern Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twin, alongside Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence algorithms. Concluding with the new services that can be offered following the digital transformation 4.0 process of the operating block. Using the tools made available by the most advanced Engineering, an operating block was redesigned, safer for patients and medical staff and more efficient from a conduction point of view. This is done using an administration model that was first conceptualized, designed and then implemented adopting what is made available by Industry 4.0, as well as a series of Management Engineering methodologies aimed at an optimized government of complex systems. Through the data collected by appropriate sensors and translated by the software into usable information, there is an optimal use of the available resources, furthermore, the activities for which improvements can be made with the benefit of patients and structures are identified

Study of low frequencies on cooled water: Development and analysis

The development of new and sustainable technologies to avoid hazards created by the freezing of substances has been a priority of safety more and more in the past decades. With this study, we want to give a first glance and start a series of experiments and researches which would lead us to results useful for future technologies. By starting from a numerical model, we studied the effects of constant frequencies applied to a cylindrical vessel filled with water. The enhancement of certain heat transfer processes was verified with particularly strange reactions for certain values of gain

Engineering 4.0 to Improve the Safety of Plant Operators in a Metalworking Company of International Importance: The Ansaldo Energia Case

The paper describes how a multidisciplinary team has developed, on behalf of Ansaldo Energia Spa, a methodology based on the technologies made available by Industry 4.0; a methodology that allows rescue teams to quickly intervene in the event of man-down in isolated areas of the plant where the unfortunate person would risk being found with significant delay and consequent problems for his physical well-being. To achieve this result, an appropriate hardware and software device has been developed by a highly specialized supplier, under the direction of the team. Such a device makes it possible to alert automatically rescue teams in real-time, at the occurrence of the event, and geo-locate, with extreme precision, the man on the ground. The methodology, once devised, has been standardized in a series of sequential and generalized steps, in order to make it applicable to any type of company or construction site, or workshop in which the event of the man-down may occur. The methodology is configured as a real toolkit for the protection of operators from damage, even extreme, that can derive from prolonged waits of the rescue teams, each time that operators incur negative events for their safety, whether they are exogenous (illnesses with fainting, heart attacks, epileptic attacks, strokes...) and endogenous (accidents in the workplace)

An Application of Engineering 4.0 to Hospitalized Patients

In this paper the authors address the problem of surveillance of bedridden patients in hospitals and residences for elderly. Unfortunately, patients cannot be supervised by operators 24 h a day, given the associated costs. An attempt to solve this problem is already provided by wearable devices. This paper describes a 4.0 system implemented to overcome the limits (identified by interviewing a sample of nurses belonging to different facilities) of the wearable devices available on the market. The system proposed consists in monitoring the bed, instead of the patient, through applied sensors. By centralizing and analyzing the data collected it is possible to promptly inform the operative center of the occurrence of risky events to which bedridden patients are normally subjected. The scope of the system is preventing such risks, where possible, or mitigating their effects with a real time intervention. A case study on an active facility, conducted as a pilot project, confirms the humanitarian and economic benefits for patients and facility

Smart Inventory 4.0: Advanced version

The Authors of this paper had first conceptualized and then developed the automated picking plant described in the paper “A 4.0 Automated Warehouse Storage and Picking System for Order Fulfillment”, presented by the Authors to the WCE 2021 IAENG Congress and awarded with the “Best Paper Award of the 2021 International Conference of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management”. In the perspective of the continuous improvement of Industry 4.0 they have brought to this first system the significant functional improvements object of this paper. In particular, having found that the loading of the goods in the individual boxes was carried out by the Operators in this factory by using ladders on which they climbed, without the necessary PPE and carrying the load manually, with the consequent risk of falling from such heights (3-6m) to cause even serious physical damage, the Authors first studied and then implemented an automatic loading system. A second problem was then highlighted for the storage of special products such as Food and Pharma, that, unlike what happens in the Beauty Sector (for which the plant was designed), need to remain in specific conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The paper describes how, in this new version, the two parameters are monitored in each single box by means of appropriate sensors that send alerts to the centralized control system when these parameters are outside the preset threshold. In this way, prompt remedial intervention is possible, avoiding the deterioration of the contents of the boxes and the consequent economic damage deriving from their alienation. All this is made possible at acceptable costs thanks to the technologies offered by Industry 4.0 such as modern robotics and Data Centralization via IIoT for monitoring and control

Optimization Model of a Tandem Water Reservoir System Management

This paper presents a complex approach for modelling of a tandem reservoir systems for water drainage management. The model has been built over a segment of a river with a certain parameters of water inflow, water outflow, required power production and max possible flood occurrence. Then the segments may be replicated with specific parameters to simulate whole system of the river. The model has been optimized in order to obtain the water drainage operation policy with regards of current and expected water volumes in the reservoirs ratio, required power production revenue, and minimal flood occurrence. Model has been verified on a walk-through basis. The obtained results demonstrate good reliability disregards broad possible variations of the managed parameters and provide the optimal water drainage for minimum flood occurrence and desired power production revenue

Methods of monitoring the Ground-Climate-Pipeline system in sections with hazardous processes

The paper considers the concept of combining various means of monitoring of the Ground-Climate-Pipeline system sections exposed to hazardous processes. The concept of "hazardous processes"is described. Sensors selected for monitoring parameters in the Ground-Climate-Pipeline system are described. A monitoring scheme is proposed and described, all elements of which are functionally combined through information transfer networks. The advantages of using artificial intelligence in the proposed monitoring system are explained