СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ В ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКЕ

Road transport plays a significant role in the economic prosperity of each country. Every year the demand for transportation of goods increases, thus there is a need to improve the quality of transport logistics. The high rate of equipping logistics companies with cars, in recent years, is gaining a large turnover, if compared with other types of logistics in our country, thereby increasing the efficiency and quality of transport logistics, which becomes independent of other types of transport, becoming a universal, mobile transportation of goods. As a result, the need to expand roads and improve their quality increases. If you ignore the factors of improving roads, it will lead to an increase in traffic on the roads, as well as slow down the delivery time of the goods.Road transport plays a significant role in the economic prosperity of each country. Every year the demand for transportation of goods increases, thus there is a need to improve the quality of transport logistics. The high rate of equipping logistics companies with cars, in recent years, is gaining a large turnover, if compared with other types of logistics in our country, thereby increasing the efficiency and quality of transport logistics, which becomes independent of other types of transport, becoming a universal, mobile transportation of goods. As a result, the need to expand roads and improve their quality increases. If you ignore the factors of improving roads, it will lead to an increase in traffic on the roads, as well as slow down the delivery time of the goods

DAF Extinguisher For On Road Vehicles

A hardware-based variant known as an automatic fire extinguisher is used to put out fires when they start accidentally. Boards made of calcium silicate that can endure extremely high temperatures are used to coat the shield. Thermocouple ends are heated to a cut-off temperature, over which the robot begins responding to the fire, to change the robot's sensitivity to temperature. The biggest plus to this is that it automatically switches on when it senses a fire in its immediate vicinity using a thermocouple and moves in that direction in an attempt to put it out. In extreme situations, the temperature sensor acts as a backup for the thermocouple, as it detects fire or heating temperature the extinguishing agent is released and it flows through the solenoid valve for extinguishment of fire. Both life and property at the same instance of time. our system reduce the risk factors of rescuing life and property by immediately extinguishing the fire at first foremost the incident happens and the DAF EXTINGUISHER automatically does all the work and extinguishing the fire

MOKE investigation of silicide films ion-beam synthesized in single-crystal silicon

Magnetic-field-assisted ion-beam synthesis was used to produce thin magnetic films. Si wafers were implanted with 40 keV Fe + ions with a fluence of 3 × 10 17 cm -2 in the external magnetic field of 9.6 × 10 4 A/m. The samples were investigated by scanning magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry, inductive magnetometry and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The main synthesized phase was ferromagnetic Fe 3Si. In some regions of the samples the deviations of the easy magnetic axis near the applied magnetic field were revealed. These local changes can be caused by various reasons: the presence of mechanical stresses in a silicon substrate during the ion bombardment, the appearance of temperature gradients, inhomogeneous sputtering and the appearance of small magnetic fields in the chamber of the accelerator. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Graph Theory and Algorithms for Network Analysis

In network analysis, the study and comprehension of complex systems in numerous fields, such as social networks, transportation networks, and biological networks, are made possible by the crucial role played by graph theory and algorithms. In order to give a comprehensive review of the graph theory and network analysis methods, this abstract will focus on their significance, practical uses, and most recent developments. With items represented as nodes or vertices and links between them as edges, graph theory offers a mathematical framework for modeling and evaluating relationships between objects. Researchers may learn important things about the structure, connectivity, and behavior of complex systems by using graph theory in network analysis. As a result, network analysis is made possible by the graph theory and algorithms, which offer strong tools for studying and comprehending the complicated linkages and structures of complex systems. Graph theory and algorithms have many different applications, including social networks, transportation networks, and biological networks. Large-scale network analysis is now possible thanks to the development of effective algorithms and methodologies, which has significantly advanced the subject. The significance of graph theory and algorithms for network research will only rise as networks continue to expand in size and complexity

INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF SULFONATED REFINERY PRODUCTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS

The relevance of the work stems from the need to develop requirements for sulfonated bitumen applied in the composition of water-based drilling fluids to control their quality when entering drilling enterprises. Due to the presence of water-insoluble substances, sulfonated bitumens are considered to be hydrophobic bridging agents of clay rocks, though the proportion of water-soluble substances in their composition is much higher (~70 %). Nowadays the influence of the water-soluble component of sulfonated bitumen on clay rock in terms of inhibition and peptization is unknown. There are also no data on salt resistance and resistance to alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) of sulfonated bitumen. All this can lead to their irrational use. The study of these issues will help formulate requirements and select methods for assessing the quality of sulfonated bitumens, as well as improve the efficiency of their use in drilling fluids. The main aim of the research is to experimentally determine the functional properties of sulfonated bitumen in the composition of water-based drilling fluids. The main objectives of the research are to study the sulfonated bitumen effect on clay rocks and access the sulfonated bitumen resistance to mineralization and divalent cations. Objects: sulfonated bitumen samples of various brands and manufacturing plants. Methods. The technological parameters of clay drilling fluids were determined by standard methods in accordance with SS 33213-2014 (ISO 10414-1:2008); the inhibitory and peptization properties of the research objects in relation to clay rocks were studied by the method of clay swelling when they were in the sample solution (on the Zhigach–Yarov tester) and by means of sedimentary analysis (on the Figurovsky weight scale); salt resistance of sulfonated bitumens was determined by the method of sedimentation while placing sulfonated bitumens in a mineralized environment. Results. The authors have carried out the comparative analysis of six sulfonated bitumen samples to identify the physicochemical effect of this group reagents on clay rocks. By assessing the degree of swelling and particle-size determination of clay while its staying in the drilling fluids of the test samples, two groups of reagents of sulfonated bitumen were found, which are opposite in their functional effect on clay: 1) peptizing agents (deflocculants); 2) clay inhibitors. It was experimentally proved that all sulfonated bitumens contribute to the deterioration of the thixotropic, rheological, and filtration properties of fresh clay systems, while samples with inhibitory properties are more effective viscosity reducers; in a mineralized environment, the presence of divalent cations and sulfonated bitumens are conductive to a decrease in filtration properties, but are ineffective as viscosity reducers, and also, they are conductive to thickening due to their coagulation or solubility decrease. Experiments proved that for determining the functional purpose of high-molecular-weight sulfonated bitumens in the composition of water-based drilling fluids and controlling the quality of the samples, it is necessary to test them according to the following indicators: to determine the size of clay particles in water and in a solution of the test sample in order to identify its inhibitory or peptizing properties; to evaluate the thinning capacity and the effectiveness of reducing the filtration characteristics when adding a reagent to a fresh clay suspension

Role of Microenvironment in Ovarian Tumourisation

Background. Metastasis is a formidable complication of malignant neoplasms, with therapy not always effective in advanced malignancy. Metastasis is a multistep process involving the cancer cell detachment from primary tumour, intravasation, extravasation and invasion into the target organ. Early metastasis stages are well understood, whilst the impact of tumour microenvironment on the disease progression and advancement remains a matter of debate.Aim. An immunohistochemical study of the adaptive and reactive properties of greater omentum with metastatic involvement in ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. We examined greater omentum tissue samples from 40 patients with verifi ed stage 3a and b ovarian cancers. For light microscopy, samples were fi xed in 10 % formalin, dehydrated, paraffi n-embedded and stained with Mayer’s haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical assays used monoclonal antibodies against CD7, CD4, CD8, CD 68, VEGF, D2-40 and CD44 proteins. Statistical data analysis was performed with Statistica v. 7.0 soft ware.Results and discussion. Analyses of the greater omentum tissues revealed cases of leucocyte-bank encapsulation of metastatic foci. Higher CD7+ and CD8+ cell counts were observed in encapsulation, possibly influencing the greater omentum reactive and adaptive properties. Higher CD44-expressing cell counts were also detected in greater omentum samples lacking encapsulation. Angiogenesis marker-expressing cells (e.g., VEGF and CD34) predominated in greater omentum tissues lacking leucocyte-bank encapsulation of metastatic foci.Conclusion. Events in tumour microenvironment may be indicative of a preserved or reduced organ adaptivity, the latter facilitating disease progression

Impact of Honeybee Venom Melittin on Cell Viability of Different Prostate Cancer Lineages

Background. Melittin is a major constituent of honeybee venom and comprises a water-soluble surfactant peptide with cytolytic effects potentially applicable in anticancer therapy. We evaluated the impact of melittin from Bashkir honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) venom on cell viability of various prostate cancer lineages.Materials and methods. MTT assays with cell viability index estimation were used to evaluate the effect of melittin on cell proliferation in various-grade malignancy prostate cancer (PC) lineages, LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145.Results and discussion. Lineage DU145 revealed a low sensitivity to melittin, because a relatively high peptide concentration of 10 μg/mL had a suppressive effect on its proliferation. With PC-3 cells, a 0.1 μg/mL concentration suppressed proliferation significantly to 46.15 %, while melittin at a 10 μg/mL dose had a cytolytic effect on most cells (4.27 % viability). LNCaP cells experienced the lowest toxicity at 10 μg/mL melittin compared to PC-3 and DU145 lineages. The LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145 PC lineages demonstrated suppressed proliferation at melittin levels 0.01–100 μg/mL.Conclusion. The study reveals a significant reduction of the PC lineages viability at a minimal melittin concentration of 0.01 μg/mL, which indicates a high cytolytic activity of this peptide and renders it a candidate agent in antitumour therapy

DISSOLUTION TEST IN QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TABLETS CONTAINING 11-DEOXYMISOPROSTOL

Aim. Development of the dissolution test method of 11-deoxymisoprostol tablets.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a "paddle apparatus". The media dissolution temperature is 37±0,5 degrees, the stirring rate is 50 rpm, the sampling time is 45 minutes, the dissolution media volume is 500 ml. The method of quantitative determination of 11-deoxymisoprostol in sample solution – HPLC with UV-detection, reverse phase chromatography. Chromatograph "Shimadzu Prominence LC-20" (Japan) with a matrix photodiode detector SPD20, column Discovery C18 (5 μm; 150 mm x 4.6 mm), mobile phase: water-acetonitrile (50:50), isocratic elution, detection at a wavelength of 195 nm.Results. All tested tablet samples meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia in terms of "Dissolution test".Conclusion. A dissolution test method of 11-deoxyimisoprostol tablets has been developed

СОЧЕТАННАЯ ТРАВМА ЖИВОТА

In this article the authors tried to generalize and summarise the worldwide  experience of  treatment of  serious  category of  the  victims injured  patients with  severe  combined abdomen trauma.В настоящей статье  авторы  предприняли попытку обобщить и кратко  изложить накопленный мировой опыт по ведению тяжелой  категории пострадавших – пострадавших с сочетанной травмой живота