1,712 research outputs found
Ideal Graph of a Graph
In this paper, we introduce ideal graph of a graph and study some of its properties.
We characterize connectedness, isomorphism of graphs and coloring property of a
graph using ideal graph. Also, we give an upper bound for chromatic number of a graph
Exponential Reliability Coefficient based Reputation Mechanism for isolating selfish nodes in MANETs
AbstractIn mobile ad hoc networks, cooperation among active mobile nodes is considered to play a vital role in reliable transmission of data. But, the selfish mobile nodes present in an ad hoc environment refuse to forward neighbouring nodes’ packet for conserving its own energy. This intentional selfish behaviour drastically reduces the degree of cooperation maintained between the mobile nodes. Hence, a need arises for devising an effective mechanism which incorporates both energy efficiency and reputation into account for mitigating selfish behaviour in MANETs. In this paper, we propose an Exponential Reliability Coefficient based reputation Mechanism (ERCRM) which isolates the selfish nodes from the routing path based on Exponential Reliability Coefficient (ExRC). This reliability coefficient manipulated through exponential failure rate based on moving average method highlights the most recent past behaviour of the mobile nodes for quantifying its genuineness. From the simulation results, it is evident that, the proposed ERCRM approach outperforms the existing Packet Conservation Monitoring Algorithm (PCMA) and Spilt Half Reliability Coefficient based Mathematical Model (SHRCM) in terms of performance evaluation metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, total overhead and control overhead. Further, this ERCRM mechanism has a successful rate of 28% in isolating the selfish nodes from the routing path. Furthermore, it also aids in framing the exponential threshold point of detection as 0.4, where a maximum number of selfish nodes are identified when compared to the existing models available in the literature
Active colloidal particles in emulsion droplets: A model system for the cytoplasm
In living cells, molecular motors create activity that enhances the diffusion
of particles throughout the cytoplasm, and not just ones attached to the
motors. We demonstrate initial steps toward creating artificial cells that
mimic this phenomenon. Our system consists of active, Pt-coated Janus particles
and passive tracers confined to emulsion droplets. We track the motion of both
the active particles and passive tracers in a hydrogen peroxide solution, which
serves as the fuel to drive the motion. We first show that correcting for bulk
translational and rotational motion of the droplets induced by bubble formation
is necessary to accurately track the particles. After drift correction, we find
that the active particles show enhanced diffusion in the interior of the
droplets and are not captured by the droplet interface. At the particle and
hydrogen peroxide concentrations we use, we observe little coupling between the
active and passive particles. We discuss the possible reasons for lack of
coupling and describe ways to improve the system to more effectively mimic
cytoplasmic activity
The Effect of Spin Splitting on the Metallic Behavior of a Two-Dimensional System
Experiments on a constant-density two-dimensional hole system in a GaAs
quantum well reveal that the metallic behavior observed in the
zero-magnetic-field temperature dependence of the resistivity depends on the
symmetry of the confinement potential and the resulting spin-splitting of the
valence band
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