Chaos synchronization in the multi-feedback Ikeda model

We investigate synchronization between two unidirectionally coupled chaotic multi-feedback Ikeda systems and find both the existence and stability conditions for anticipating, lag, and complete synchronizations.Generalization of the approach to a wide class of nonlinear systems is also presented.Comment: 5 pages. submitte

Type I interferons and MAVS signaling are necessary for tissue resident memory CD8+ T cell responses to RSV infection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in young children and the elderly. Lack of vaccines and recurrence of RSV infection indicate the difficulty in eliciting protective memory immune responses. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) can confer protection from pathogen re-infection and, in human experimental RSV infection, the presence of lung CD8+ TRM cells correlates with a better outcome. However, the requirements for generating and maintaining lung TRM cells during RSV infection are not fully understood. Here, we use mouse models to assess the impact of innate immune response determinants in the generation and subsequent expansion of the TRM cell pool during RSV infection. We show that CD8+ TRM cells expand independently from systemic CD8+ T cells after RSV re-infection. Re-infected MAVS and MyD88/TRIF deficient mice, lacking key components involved in innate immune recognition of RSV and induction of type I interferons (IFN-α/β), display impaired expansion of CD8+ TRM cells and reduction in antigen specific production of granzyme B and IFN-γ. IFN-α treatment of MAVS deficient mice during primary RSV infection restored TRM cell expansion upon re-challenge but failed to recover TRM cell functionality. Our data reveal how innate immunity, including the axis controlling type I IFN induction, instructs and regulates CD8+ TRM cell responses to RSV infection, suggesting possible mechanisms for therapeutic intervention

Diagnostic algorithm of recurrence after organ-preserving surgical treatment of bladder cancer

High frequency of recurrence is the main problem of organ-preserving tactics in the treatment of bladder cancer. The article presents the results of sensitivity and specificity analysis of urine cytology, BTA-stat test, ultrasound (transabdominal, transrectal, transurethral) and instrumental methods (cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnostics, microcystoscopy) in the diagnosis of recurrence after organ-saving surgical treatment in patients who underwent organ-saving surgery about bladder cancer at the urological clinic of Kazan State Medical University. An algorithm based on the obtained data has been developed for the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancerОсновной проблемой органосохраняющей тактики в лечении рака мочевого пузыря является высокая частота рецидивов. В статье представлены результаты анализа чувствительности и специфичности цитологии мочи, ВТА-stat теста, ультразвуковых (трансабдоминальное, трансректальное, трансуретральное) и инструментальных методов (цистоскопия, фотодинамическая диагностика, микроцистоскопия) в диагностике рецидивов после органосохраняющего хирургического лечения у пациентов, которым была выполнена органосохраняющая операция по поводу рака мочевого пузыря урологической клинике Казанского государственного медицинского университета. На основании полученных данных, разработан алгоритм диагностики рецидивов рака мочевого пузыря

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia in a Russian population: the Ural eye and medical study

Background: Although anemia is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, information about its prevalence in Russia is mostly missing. We therefore assessed its prevalence and associated factors in a Russian population. Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age:59.0 ± 10.7 years;range:40–94 years) who underwent a standardized interview and detailed general examination. The definition of anemia was based on the hemoglobin concentration (definition #1:hemoglobin concentration < 140 g/L in men,< 130 g/L in women; definition #2:hemoglobin concentration < 130 g/L in men,< 120 g/L in women [World Health Organization definition]). Results: Higher hemoglobin concentration (mean:142.6 ± 14.8 g/L; range:80-171 g/L) was associated (multivariable analysis) with male gender (P < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient beta:-0.20), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher prevalence of car ownership (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher blood concentrations of bilirubin (P < 0.001;beta:0.05) and triglycerides (P < 0.001;beta:0.06), lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;beta:-0.32), and shorter blood clotting time (P < 0.001;beta:-0.39). Using definition #1 and #2, anemia was detected in 1385 individuals (23.6%;95% confidence interval CI)CI:22.5,24.7) and in 453 individuals (7.7%;95%CI:7.0,8.4), respectively. Prevalence of moderate anemia (hemoglobin concenttration:110 g/L-80 g/L), detected in 165 individuals (2.8%;95%CI:2.4,3.2), increased with younger age (P = 0.008;odds ratio (OR):0.98;95%CI:0.96,0.99), female gender (P < 0.001;OR:2.52;95%CI:1.47,4.33), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;OR:1.08;95%CI:1.06,1.09), longer blood clotting time (P < 0.001;OR:8.56;95%CI:5.68,12.9), and marginally significantly, with a lower waist-hip circumference ratio (P = 0.058;OR:0.13;95%CI:0.02,1.07). In women, it was significantly (P < 0.001) higher before menopause (8.8%;95%CI:6.4,11.1) than after menopause (3.5%;95%CI:2.8,4.3). Conclusions: In this Russian population as compared to populations from countries with a similar socio-demographic index, anemia prevalence was relatively low. As in other populations, higher anemia prevalence was strongly and inversely associated with menopause, and to a minor degree, with lower waist-hip circumference ratio and lower socio-economic background