An Analysis of the Impact of Industrial Development in Selected Counties in South Carolina

Industrial development can provide hope and opportunity for residents of a community. Whether advantageous or not, it brings about various community changes such as job opportunities, population growth, higher tax base and the need for more public utilities. It is questionable as to whether industrialization alleviates or causes social, economic and political problems. Furthermore, the previously mentioned changes may also affect a community/county when an industry leaves the area. Industrialization prompts a need for researchers to focus on the impact of industry within rural/urban counties, such as Charleston, Colleton, Edgefield, Greenville, Horry, Jasper, Richland, and York. In an effort to answer various queries concerning industrial development, researchers are asking (1) What happens when an industry leaves a community? and (2) What are the feelings of residents towards industries in their area? This research attempts to answer the aforementioned queries in a study of industrial development in selected areas of South Carolina

Risk of cancer following primary total hip replacement or primary resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip : A retrospective cohort study in Scotland

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Lee Barnsdale, Doug Clark, and Richard Dobbie for advice and assistance with data preparation before analysis, and to the three anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

2-{(E)-1-[2-(4-Nitro­phen­yl)hydrazin-1-yl­idene]eth­yl}benzene-1,3-diol

The title compound, C14H13N3O4, is close to planar, the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings being 5.80 (16)°; the nitro group is coplanar with the benzene ring to which it is bonded [O—N—C—C torsion angle = −177.3 (3)°]. The hy­droxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond with the imine N atom, and the conformation about the imine bond is E. In the crystal, layers in the (101) plane with an undulating topology are formed by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds along with C—H⋯O inter­actions. Centrosymmetrically related layers are connected via π–π inter­actions [ring centroid–centroid distance = 3.5739 (19) Å] into double layers

Triclinic form of bis­{di-μ-hydroxidobis[fac-aqua­tribromido­tin(IV)]} hepta­hydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title hydrate, 2[Sn(H2O)2(OH)2Br6]·7H2O, comprises two [Br3(H2O)Sn(μ-OH)2SnBr3(OH2)] units, but three independent mol­ecules as two of these are disposed about inversion centres, and seven water mol­ecules. In common with the monoclinic polymorph [Howie et al. (2005 ▶). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 358, 3283–3286], each of the dinuclear species features a central Sn2O2 core, distorted octa­hedral Sn atom geometries defined by a Br3O3 donor set, and an anti-disposition of the coordinated water mol­ecules. In the crystal, Oh—H⋯Ow, Oa—H⋯Ow, Ow—H⋯Ow, and Ow—H⋯Br (h = hydroxyl, a = aqua, w = water) hydrogen-bonding inter­actions generate a three-dimensional network

Intra-individual movement variability during skill transitions: A useful marker?

Applied research suggests athletes and coaches need to be challenged in knowing when and how much a movement should be consciously attended to. This is exacerbated when the skill is in transition between two more stable states, such as when an already well learnt skill is being refined. Using existing theory and research, this paper highlights the potential application of movement variability as a tool to inform a coach’s decision-making process when implementing a systematic approach to technical refinement. Of particular interest is the structure of co-variability between mechanical degrees-of-freedom (e.g., joints) within the movement system’s entirety when undergoing a skill transition. Exemplar data from golf are presented, demonstrating the link between movement variability and mental effort as an important feature of automaticity, and thus intervention design throughout the different stages of refinement. Movement variability was shown to reduce when mental effort directed towards an individual aspect of the skill was high (target variable). The opposite pattern was apparent for variables unrelated to the technical refinement. Therefore, two related indicators, movement variability and mental effort, are offered as a basis through which the evaluation of automaticity during technical refinements may be made

Markov semigroups, monoids, and groups

A group is Markov if it admits a prefix-closed regular language of unique representatives with respect to some generating set, and strongly Markov if it admits such a language of unique minimal-length representatives over every generating set. This paper considers the natural generalizations of these concepts to semigroups and monoids. Two distinct potential generalizations to monoids are shown to be equivalent. Various interesting examples are presented, including an example of a non-Markov monoid that nevertheless admits a regular language of unique representatives over any generating set. It is shown that all finitely generated commutative semigroups are strongly Markov, but that finitely generated subsemigroups of virtually abelian or polycyclic groups need not be. Potential connections with word-hyperbolic semigroups are investigated. A study is made of the interaction of the classes of Markov and strongly Markov semigroups with direct products, free products, and finite-index subsemigroups and extensions. Several questions are posed.Comment: 40 pages; 3 figure

2-(4H-1,3-Benzoxazin-2-yl)phenol

The title compound, C14H11NO2, features an essentially planar mol­ecule, the r.m.s. deviation for the 17 non-H atoms being 0.035 Å. This conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond that results in the formation of an S(6) ring. In the crystal structure, methyl­ene–hydr­oxy C—H⋯O contacts result in a supra­molecular chain aligned along the b axis

2-{(E)-1-[2-(2-Nitro­phen­yl)hydrazin-1-yl­idene]eth­yl}benzene-1,3-diol mono­hydrate

The hydrazone mol­ecule in title monohydrate, C14H13N3O4·H2O, is almost coplanar, the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings being 3.22 (15)°; the nitro group is coplanar with the benzene ring to which it is bonded [O—N—C—C = −2.8 (4)°]. The hy­droxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond with the imine N atom, and the conformation about the imine bond [1.305 (3) Å] is E. In the crystal, supra­molecular layers in the (203) plane are connected into a double layer via water–nitro O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, along with π–π inter­actions [ring centroid–centroid distance = 3.7859 (19) Å]

Acoustic cues to tonal contrasts in Mandarin: Implications for cochlear implants

The present study systematically manipulated three acoustic cues-fundamental frequency (f0), amplitude envelope, and duration-to investigate their contributions to tonal contrasts in Mandarin. Simplified stimuli with all possible combinations of these three cues were presented for identification to eight normal-hearing listeners, all native speakers of Mandarin from Taiwan. The f0 information was conveyed either by an f0-controlled sawtooth carrier or a modulated noise so as to compare the performance achievable by a clear indication of voice f0 and what is possible with purely temporal coding of f0. Tone recognition performance with explicit f0 was much better than that with any combination of other acoustic cues (consistently greater than 90% correct compared to 33%-65%; chance is 25%). In the absence of explicit f0, the temporal coding of f0 and amplitude envelope both contributed somewhat to tone recognition, while duration had only a marginal effect. Performance based on these secondary cues varied greatly across listeners. These results explain the relatively poor perception of tone in cochlear implant users, given that cochlear implants currently provide only weak cues to f0, so that users must rely upon the purely temporal (and secondary) features for the perception of tone. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America