Management of TENORM in a crude refinery

A multi-step project has been developed by eni r&m to define a TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) management system in refinery plants, compliant with Italian regulations and international guidelines. The project involves a preliminary survey on refineries to detect, on the basis of the production process, the sections at risk of TENORM accumulation; this analysis is followed by the consequent formation/information to the workers, dose assessment for workers and the public, introduction of radiometric characterization before release of potentially contaminated waste

Radiation protection and radioactive scales in oil and gas production

Low specific-activity scales consisting of alkaline earth metal carbonates and sulfates are often present in some gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon plants. These scales contain a certain concentration of radium, uranium, and thorium which can cause a risk of gamma irradiation and internal radiocontamination when they must be mechanically removed. The gamma dose rates and the 238U, 232Th, 226Ra concentrations were determined in sludges, scales, and waters of some gas and oil hydrocarbon plants located in Italy, Congo, and Tunisia. 238U and 232Th concentrations were very low. The isotopes 238U and 234U resulted in radioactive equilibrium, while 232Th and 228Th were not always in equilibrium. A rough correlation was found between the gamma dose rate and the 226Ra concentration. Some considerations and conclusions about radiation protection problems are pointed out

CASTM - a computer aided system for thickness measurements of thin films

SIGLEITItal

Standardized Methods for Measuring Radionuclides in Drinking Water

In 2002 the Italian Standardisation Organisation (UNI)-Nuclear Energy Commission (UNICEN)- appointed a working group with the main task of writing a set of standards on drinking water measurements. To date two standards have been designed, namely, for total alpha and beta activity, and Rn-222. Further procedures are under development for measuring Ra-226 and U isotopes, and gamma-emitting radionuclides in water. The paper gives an overview of these standards, both developed and under study, with special attention to the validation of the methods.JRC.C.1-Nuclear decommissioning and facilities managemen

Standardization methods for measuring radionuclides in drinking water

In 2002 the Italian Standardisation Organisation (UNI) - Nuclear Energy Commission (UNICEN) - appointed a working group with the main task of writing a set of standards on drinking water measurements. To date two standards have been designed, namely, for total alpha- and beta-activity, and 222Rn. Further procedures are under development for measuring 226Ra and U isotopes, and gamma-emitting radionuclides in water. The paper gives an overview of these standards, both developed and under study, with special attention to the validation of the methods