Upgrading of “domanik” shale oil by supercritical water

© 2019, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved. The purpose of this research is the treatment of Domanik shale oil (DSO) by supercritical water conditions. The experiments were carried out at 400oC and with different residence times at 140, 300 and 480 min. The DSO is powdered and mixed with distilled water then loaded in the batch reactor and they were heated until reach the desired conditions at 400 °C and of 265.9 bars. The results reveal a great dependence of the product yield and quality at the residence time. Similarly, the obtained products were analyzed, and it is proved that as time increases, the rate of yield of liquid product (synthetic oil) increases, and the formation of coke was not observed during this work. Regarding the coke formation, two products yield of 140 and 300 min the coke was not observed except the product of 480 min which the yield of coke is 7.02%. At 140 min of residence time, the conversion rate reached 7.45% of the synthetic oil; at 300 min the yield continues to increase up to 8.16% and the liquid yield continue to increase until reach 9.00% at 480 min. The supercritical water treatment of Domanik shale oil at 400oC shown a positive effect in this work, and the only factor in the process is the temperature and residence time and also the water density

Comparison of upgrading of heavy oil and vacuum distillation residues by supercritical water

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The purpose of this work is to test the upgrading technology by supercritical water of two different raw materials heavy oil and vacuum distillation residue. The experiments were carried out under the same conditions (temperature 400°C, pressure 236 bar). The products obtained after upgrading were analyzed. Density, viscosity, SARA-composition, elemental composition and composition of saturates fraction were determined. The results revealed that after upgrading at 400°C during 60 minutes raw materials heavy oil and vacuum residues yielded light oil 85.6 % and 64.7 %, coke at level of 11.3 % and 13.7 % and gaseous products 3.1 % and 21.6 %

Heavy oil hydrocarbons and kerogen destruction of carbonate-siliceous domanic shale rock in suband supercritical water

© 2020 by the authors. This paper discusses the results of the influences of subcritical (T = 320 °C; P = 17 MPa) and supercritical water (T = 374 °C; P = 24.6 MPa) on the yield and composition of oil hydrocarbons generated from carbonaceous-siliceous Domanic shale rocks with total organic content (Corg) of 7.07%. It was revealed that the treatment of the given shale rock in sub-and supercritical water environments resulted in the decrease of oil content due to the intensive gas formation. The content of light hydrocarbon fractions (saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) increased at 320 °C from 33.98 to 39.63%, while at 374 °C to 48.24%. Moreover, the content of resins decreased by almost twice. Insoluble coke-like compounds such as carbene-carboids were formed due to decomposition of kerogen after supercritical water treatment. Analysis of oil hydrocarbons with FTIR method revealed a significant number of oxygen-containing compounds, which are the hydrogenolysis products of structural fragments formed after destruction of kerogen and high-molecular components of oil. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method was applied to present the changes in the composition of mono-and dibenzothiophenes, which indicate conversion of heavy components into lighter aromatic hydrocarbons. The specific features of transforming trace elements in rock samples, asphaltenes, and carbene-carboids were observed by using the isotopic mass-spectrometry method

Effect of the reaction times on the thermal visbreaking process of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock

© 2019, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved. Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks including heavy and extra-heavy oils produced from oilsands reservoirs have a high viscosity, which cause a big challenge to their productions and pipeline transportations. Techniques to reduce the viscosity at low incremental production cost are desirable. Thermal decompositions of these resources-derived bitumen at temperatures of 250 °C was explored as a prospect strategy for viscosity reduction. In this work, thermal visbreaking experiments were carried out in a stainless-steel 350-ml batch parr reactor. In a typical experiment, the reactor was loaded with crude oil (from Tatarstan region Russia) and water at a weight ratio of 2:1, respectively. Moreover, thermal visbreaking experiments were conducted under different reaction times (12, 24 and 48 hours). The properties of the initial oil along with the liquid products obtained after reactions were analyzed including viscosity, elemental analysis, n-alkanes distribution and SARA analysis. Results show that, thermal visbreaking under different reaction times lead to various upgrading degree. In addition, at all reaction times, changes in the chemical and physical nature of the upgraded oil were observed within 12 h of reaction time, and changes continued as reaction time was extended to a period of 24 and 48 h. Further, the content of resins and asphaltenes decreased and the amount of saturates and aromatics were increased. Eventually, there are no big different in the upgrading degree between reaction time of 24 and 48 h

Effect of the reaction times on the thermal visbreaking process of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock

© 2019, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved. Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks including heavy and extra-heavy oils produced from oilsands reservoirs have a high viscosity, which cause a big challenge to their productions and pipeline transportations. Techniques to reduce the viscosity at low incremental production cost are desirable. Thermal decompositions of these resources-derived bitumen at temperatures of 250 °C was explored as a prospect strategy for viscosity reduction. In this work, thermal visbreaking experiments were carried out in a stainless-steel 350-ml batch parr reactor. In a typical experiment, the reactor was loaded with crude oil (from Tatarstan region Russia) and water at a weight ratio of 2:1, respectively. Moreover, thermal visbreaking experiments were conducted under different reaction times (12, 24 and 48 hours). The properties of the initial oil along with the liquid products obtained after reactions were analyzed including viscosity, elemental analysis, n-alkanes distribution and SARA analysis. Results show that, thermal visbreaking under different reaction times lead to various upgrading degree. In addition, at all reaction times, changes in the chemical and physical nature of the upgraded oil were observed within 12 h of reaction time, and changes continued as reaction time was extended to a period of 24 and 48 h. Further, the content of resins and asphaltenes decreased and the amount of saturates and aromatics were increased. Eventually, there are no big different in the upgrading degree between reaction time of 24 and 48 h

Thermal Conversion of Heavy Crude Oil in the Presence of Formic Acid as a Hydrogen-donor Solvent

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this study, thermal conversion experiments of heavy oil using steam and formic acid as a hydrogen donor were carried out in a batch reactor at T = 380°C and P = 165 bar. Material balance and products distribution were calculated after the experiments. Properties of crude oil before and after thermal conversion were analyzed including: Viscosity, API gravity, SARA and elemental analysis measurements. It was shown, that application of formic acid as a hydrogen-donor solvent leads to the reduction of coke and gaseous products formation and to the increase of liquid products yield. In addition, the viscosity of upgraded oil was decreased by 23.2% due to addition of formic acid in comparison with thermal conversion without the hydrogen-donor solvent

Experimental study of non-oxidized and oxidized bitumen obtained from heavy oil

Heavy oil and vacuum residue were used to obtain road bitumen BND 50/70 using two different methods of steam distillation at 323–362 °C and by oxidation, a method using packed column at temperature of 211–220 °C. The obtained residues using two methods steam distillation and oxidation are known as non-oxidized bitumen and oxidized bitumen, respectively. The products were evaluated using different standards including GOST 33133-2014, GOST 22245-90, and ASTM D5. The results showed that the yield of oxidized bitumen reached a maximal rate of 89.59% wt., while that of non-oxidized bitumen is 55% wt. The softening point of oxidized bitumen is 49–57 °C compared to non-oxidized bitumen (46–49 °C). Remarkably, the previous softening point and penetrability of 47–71 points of oxidized bitumen are consistent with norms to BND 50/70 bitumen, according standard. The non-oxidized bitumen has a relatively low softening point and a higher penetration value of 71–275, which refers to BND 200/300 bitumen. Comparatively, the use of a packed column is beneficial than the steam distillation, due to high capability of the nozzles to strengthens contact between feedstock and compressed air in the reaction zone and decreases the reaction time to 4.15 h

Thermal Conversion of Heavy Crude Oil in the Presence of Formic Acid as a Hydrogen-donor Solvent

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this study, thermal conversion experiments of heavy oil using steam and formic acid as a hydrogen donor were carried out in a batch reactor at T = 380°C and P = 165 bar. Material balance and products distribution were calculated after the experiments. Properties of crude oil before and after thermal conversion were analyzed including: Viscosity, API gravity, SARA and elemental analysis measurements. It was shown, that application of formic acid as a hydrogen-donor solvent leads to the reduction of coke and gaseous products formation and to the increase of liquid products yield. In addition, the viscosity of upgraded oil was decreased by 23.2% due to addition of formic acid in comparison with thermal conversion without the hydrogen-donor solvent

Catalytic Conversion of Tatarstan Heavy Oil using Copper Based Catalysts at 250°C

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this work, the in-situ upgrading of heavy oil from Tatarstan oilfield using steam and copper stearate as a catalyst at 250°C and 35 bar for 24 hours was studied in stainless-steel reactor. Changes in the density/API gravity, viscosity, chemical composition (SARA-analysis), elemental composition and structure (FTIR-spectroscopy) of heavy oil before and after conversion were determined. Generally, we can summarize, that the content of resins and asphaltenes as well as the average molecular weight of heavy oil were reduced after conversion process. Whereas, amount of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons was increased due to the destruction of its high molecular weight components. Also, irreversible decrease of viscosity was fixed

Research of the technology for the production of modified sulfur bituminous binders

In this article, a review of the literature on the technology for producing elemental sulfur-based paving material was reviewed, and a laboratory test of this technology was conducted at the Department of Highly Viscous Crude Oil and Bitumen. Natural. Attempts to mix sulfur with bitumen to reduce the cost of road construction and sulfur use were undertaken earlier, but the resulting blends did not provide the appropriate quality and the process was difficult to implement. The article proposes a unique technology to obtain not a physical mixture, but the formation of a chemical bond between sulfur and bitumen with the formation of bitumen polymers. This technology becomes possible with the use of a catalyst specially developed by the initiators of the project and has no equivalent in the world practice. And we add that the subject of the production of sulfur bitumen is not a question of actuality on the one hand since 1970, many researchers are interested in this subject but as with the abundance of oil and no one question about alternative solutions, and today with the reduction of traditional oil this theme is really soliciting