Brady Statute Data: Adjudicated Mental Defectives and Involuntary Mental Commitments

Currently, Alaska law enforcement agencies do not obtain data on four noncriminal categories prohibited by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 from obtaining firearms. This, the first of four reports on these categories, describes how adjudicated mental defectives and involuntary mental commitments can be identified within an Alaska context and discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection. The report discussed federal statutory definitions of the terms adjudicated as a mental defective, committed to a mental institution, and legal authority; compares these terms with those current in Alaska Statues and used by social service and mental health agencies in the state; and describes, in general, data held by federal, state, local, and private agencies in Alaska. At present, there is no clear or cost-effective way to create and maintain a database for either of the two categories with any accuracy: besides technical difficulties in getting different databases to "talk" to each other, records are not kept on mentally ill individuals, and even if they were, access would be prohibited in the face of federal and state laws regarding privacy.Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026Introduction / Adjudicated Mental Defectives / Involuntary Mental Commitments / References / Appendix A: Mental Health Commitments (Civil Commitments) / Appendix B: Forms USed in the Alaska Court System During the Involuntary Mental Commitment Proces

Brady Statute Data: Establishing Noncriminal Classifications for the Alaska Department of Public Safety

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 prohibits the purchase of firearms by persons in certain noncriminal categories. These reports describe potential data sources for the identification of mental committments, addicted substance abusers, illegal aliens, and persons who have been the subject of a domestic violence restraining order and discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection for the purpose of Brady background checks. Lack of infrastructure for collecting certain types of data, incompleteness of information, and state constitutional protections, including the guarantee of privacy, are the chief obstacles to completely meeting the provisions of the Brady Act in Alaska.Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026Background / Needs and Benefits / Goals and Objectives / Project Design / Findings by Classification / Conclusio

Brady Statute Data: Persons Who are Subject to a Court Order Restraining Them from Threatening or Committing Acts of Domestic Violence or Abuse

Currently, Alaska law enforcement agencies do not obtain data on four noncriminal categories prohibited by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 from obtaining firearms. This, the second of four reports on these categories, describes how persons subject to a domestic violence restraining order can be identified within an Alaska context and discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection. The state is rapidly moving to the point where all individuals who meet the Brady definition for this category will be identified, the information housed in a separate database, and reported to federal agencies. AS 18.65.540 provides for a central registry of Domestic Violence Protective Orders, a product of the (state) Domestic Violence Prevention and Victim Protection Act of 1996.Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026Introduction / Background / Civil Protection Orders / Handgun Applications / New Policies / Conclusion / References / Appendix A: APSIN Screen

Brady Statute Data: Persons Who Are Illegally or Unlawfully in the United States

Currently, Alaska law enforcement agencies do not obtain data on four noncriminal categories prohibited by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 from obtaining firearms. This, the fourth of four reports on these categories, describes how undocumented immigrants who are unlawfully in the United States can be identified within an Alaska context and discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection. It was found that the most feasibile means for obtaining information for the purposes of Brady background checks would be the Verification Information System (VIS) of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). However, project researchers received no response from INS to inquiries about requirements of access to VIS.Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice. Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026.Introduction / Background / Definitions / INS Records Availability / Determining an Individual's Classification for Brady / Verification Process / Conclusion / Appendix A: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Guide to Commonly Used Documents Used to Identify Persons Eligible for Benefits Under the Immigration and Naturalization Act / Appendix B: U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Statement of Intent to Obtain a Handgun(s

Brady Statute Data: Establishing Noncriminal Classifications for the Alaska Department of Public Safety—Executive Summary

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 prohibited the purchase of firearms by persons in certain noncriminal categories. This executive report summarizes study findings on potential data sources for the identification of mental committments, addicted substance abusers, noncitizens in the U.S. illegally or unlawfully, and persons who have been the subject of a domestic violence restraining order and briefly discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection for the purpose of Brady background checks. Lack of infrastructure for collecting certain types of data, incompleteness of information, and state constitutional protections, including the guarantee of privacy, were the chief obstacles to completely meeting the provisions of the Brady Act in Alaska.Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S.Department of Justice. Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026Background / Needs and Benefits / Goals and Objectives / Project Design / Findings by Classification / Conclusio

L’utilisation d'une heuristique curriculaire pour créer un apprentissage adapté à la vie

Cet article analyse les relations interdisciplinaires sous trois angles d'approche qui incitent à un renouvellement du curriculum. Quatre « hiérarchies d'apprentissage » sont introduites et les structurations conceptuelles associées à leur niveau respectif de savoir sont reliées aux angles d'approche d'un renouvellement du curriculum. Trois heuristiques curriculaires à visée interdisciplinaire sont proposées: un répertoire séquentiel d'analyse thématique (pour aider les élèves à explorer les questions d'intérêt émergeant des disciplines), une liste d'habiletés interdisciplinaires (pour assurer un enseignement des habiletés disciplinaires transversales) et un modèle de développement curriculaire compréhensif, centré sur le groupe (pour guider les équipes de production dans leur tâche d'élaboration de curriculums adaptés à la vie). Des questions d'interdisciplinarité et d'utilisation d'heuristiques curriculaires sont également débattues en relation avec la formation des enseignants du secondaire.This article analyses interdisciplinary relations from three view points which promote a curriculum renewal. Four learning hierarchies are introduced and the conceptual structures associated with their respective levels of knowledge are related to views for curricular renewal. Three curricular heuristics related to interdisciplinarity are proposed: a sequence for thematic analysis (to help students explore questions emerging from various disciplines), a list of interdisciplinary abilities (to assure teaching of transversal disciplinary abilities), and a model of comprehensive curricular development, centred on the group (to guide production teams in elaborating curriculums adapted to life). Questions of interdisciplinarity and use of curricular heuristics are also debated in relation to secondary level teacher training.Este articulo analiza las relaciones interdisciplinarias bajo très angulos que incitan a la renovacion curricular. Se introducen cuatro "jerarqufas de aprendizaje" y se ponen en relaciôn las estructuraciones conceptuales asociadas a sus nivelés de saber respectivos, con los ângulos de enfoque de una renovacion curricular. Se proponen très heurfsticas curriculares con perspectivas interdisciplinarias: un repertorio secuencial de analisis temàticos (para ayudar a los alumnos en su exploraciôn de preguntas que emerjan de las disciplinas), una lista de habilidades interdisciplinarias (para asegurar la ensenanza de habilidades disciplinarias transversales) y un modelo de desarrollo curricular comprensivo, centrado en el grupo (para guiar a los equipos de producciôn en su tarea de elaboracion de curriculos adaptados a la vida). Se debaten también ciertas preguntas de interdisciplinariedad y de uso de heurfsticas curriculares, en relaciôn con la formacion de docentes de secundaria.Dieser Artikel untersucht die interdisziplinären Beziehungen aus drei verschiedenen Perspektiven, die auf die Notwendigkeit einer Erneuerung des Lehrplans hinweisen. Es werden vier "Lernhierarchien" eingefiihrt, und die mit der jeweiligen Kenntnisstufe verbundenen begrifflichen Gliederungen werden mit diesen Perspektiven in Beziehung gebracht. Drei heuristische, interdisziplinäre Methoden werden vorgeschlagen: ein Topic Elaboration Sequencer (uni den Schulern zu helfen, den rein fachlichen Fragen nachzugehen), eine Interdisciplinary Skills List (um die fachubergreifenden Fähigkeiten im Unterricht zu fördern) und ein auf die Gruppe ausgerichtëtes Entwicklungsmodell (um den Lehrplanautoren zu helfen, lebensnahe Lehrpläne auszuarbeiten). Zum Schluss werden mit Interdisziplinarität und mit der Anwendung von heuristischen Methoden verbundene Fragen erortert im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Mittelschullehrern

Human milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium species

Several bacterial species initially colonise the infant gut, but are outcompeted. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk create an environment for Bifidobacterium to flourish. Laursen and Roager recently showed a clear link between breast milk and the dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in the infant gut.</p