A head-up display format for transport aircraft approach and landing

An electronic flight-guidance display format was designed for use in evaluations of the collimated head-up display concept applied to transport aircraft landing. In the design process of iterative evaluation and modification, some general principles, or guidelines, applicable to electronic flight displays were suggested. The usefulness of an indication of instantaneous inertial flightpath was clearly demonstrated. Evaluator pilot acceptance of the unfamiliar display concepts was very positive when careful attention was given to indoctrination and training

An evaluation of head-up displays in civil transport operations

To determine the advantages and disadvantages of head-up displays (HUD) in civil transport approach and landing operations, an operational evaluation was conducted on the flight simulator for advanced aircraft at Ames. A non-conformal HUD concept which contained raw data and Flight Director command information, and a conformal, flight path HUD concept was designed to permit terminal area maneuvering, intercept, final approach, flare, and landing operations. Twelve B-727 line pilots (Captains) flew a series of precision and non-precision approaches under a variety of environmental and operational conditions, including wind shear, turbulence and low ceilings and visibilities. A preliminary comparison of various system and pilot performance measures as a function of display type (Flight Director HUD, Flight Path HUD, or No HUD) indicates improvements in precision and accuracy of aircraft flight path control when using the HUDs. The results also demonstrated some potentially unique advantages of a flight path HUD during non-precision approaches

An Operational evaluation of head up displays for civil transport operations. NASA/FAA phase 3 report

The advantages and disadvantages of head-up displays (HUDs) in commercial jet transport approach and landing operations was evaluated. Ten airline captains currently qualified in the B-727 aircraft flew a series of instrument landing system (ILS) and nonprecision approaches in a motion base simulator using both a flight director HUD concept and a flightpath HUD concept as well as conventional head-down instruments under a variety of environmental and operational conditions to assess: (1) the potential benefits of these HUDs in airline operations; (2) problems which might be associated with their use; and (3) flight crew training requirements and flight crew operating procedures suitable for use with the HUDs. Results are presented in terms of objective simulator based performance measures, subject pilot opinion and rating data, and observer data

Recent Progress in Materials Studies with Acoustic Microscopy

The scanning acoustic microscope operating in water with a frequency of 2.5 GHz (wavelength 6000 Å) has been used to nondestructively characterize materials and devices in a manner inaccessible to optical and electron microscopy. Adhesion of thin films of Cr on glass (optical masks for photolithography) is shown to be a strong source of acoustic microscope contrast. This offers nondestructive evaluation of film adhesion on a microscopic scale for the first time. Study of intentionally damaged integrated circuit structures reveals damage features not visible in optical microscopy. Microscopic subsurface imaging of composite structures is presented, as in other recent acoustic microscope imaging of materials. Recent theoretical work in acoustic response of layered materials is reviewed

An experimental study investigating the ability of volunteers to identify squirrel species from tail–hair samples

Un estudio experimental sobre la capacidad de los voluntarios de reconocer las especies de ardilla a partir de muestras de pelo de la cola Las trampas de pelo, que permiten recoger los pelos de la nuca, se utilizan ampliamente para establecer la presencia de la ardilla común (Sciurus vulgaris) y la ardilla gris (Sciurus carolinensis). No obstante, es un método que requiere mucho tiempo y se presta a errores de identificación. Una alternativa es recoger pelos de la cola mediante cintas adhesivas colocadas en postes que sostienen un cebo en la parte superior. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre la precisión de la identificación del pelo de la cola. En este estudio se informa de un experimento en que se ofreció una breve sesión formativa a las personas antes de que identificaran las muestras de pelo de las cuatro especies. El índice de identificación correcta fue del 96,5% para los pelos de la ardilla gris y del 77,5% para los de la ardilla común, lo que sugiere que los pelos de la cola pueden proporcionar un método rápido, fácil y preciso de identificar ambas especies.Hair–tubes, collecting nape hairs, are widely used for establishing the presence of red (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey (Sciurus carolinensis) squirrels. However it is time–consuming and prone to identification errors. An alternative is to collect tail hairs from sticky pads on baited poles. However, there is no evidence concerning identification accuracy of tail hairs. This study reports an experiment in which subjects underwent a short training session before identifying hair samples from four species. There was a 96.5% correct identification rate for grey squirrel hairs, and 77.5% for red squirrels, which suggests that tail hairs collection may provide a quick, easy and accurate method of identification for both species.Un estudio experimental sobre la capacidad de los voluntarios de reconocer las especies de ardilla a partir de muestras de pelo de la cola Las trampas de pelo, que permiten recoger los pelos de la nuca, se utilizan ampliamente para establecer la presencia de la ardilla común (Sciurus vulgaris) y la ardilla gris (Sciurus carolinensis). No obstante, es un método que requiere mucho tiempo y se presta a errores de identificación. Una alternativa es recoger pelos de la cola mediante cintas adhesivas colocadas en postes que sostienen un cebo en la parte superior. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre la precisión de la identificación del pelo de la cola. En este estudio se informa de un experimento en que se ofreció una breve sesión formativa a las personas antes de que identificaran las muestras de pelo de las cuatro especies. El índice de identificación correcta fue del 96,5% para los pelos de la ardilla gris y del 77,5% para los de la ardilla común, lo que sugiere que los pelos de la cola pueden proporcionar un método rápido, fácil y preciso de identificar ambas especies

Perturbative Corrections to the Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki Theory of Phase-Ordering Dynamics

A perturbation expansion is considered about the Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki theory of phase-ordering dynamics; the non-linear terms neglected in the OJK calculation are reinstated and treated as a perturbation to the linearised equation. The first order correction term to the pair correlation function is calculated in the large-d limit and found to be of order 1/(d^2).Comment: Revtex, 27 pages including 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E, references adde

The Stability of the Replica Symmetric State in Finite Dimensional Spin Glasses

According to the droplet picture of spin glasses, the low-temperature phase of spin glasses should be replica symmetric. However, analysis of the stability of this state suggested that it was unstable and this instability lends support to the Parisi replica symmetry breaking picture of spin glasses. The finite-size scaling functions in the critical region of spin glasses below T_c in dimensions greater than 6 can be determined and for them the replica symmetric solution is unstable order by order in perturbation theory. Nevertheless the exact solution can be shown to be replica-symmetric. It is suggested that a similar mechanism might apply in the low-temperature phase of spin glasses in less than six dimensions, but that a replica symmetry broken state might exist in more than six dimensions.Comment: 5 pages. Modified to include a paragraph on the relation of this work to that of Newman and Stei