Multiple-Scattering Series For Color Transparency

Color transparency CT depends on the formation of a wavepacket of small spatial extent. It is useful to interpret experimental searches for CT with a multiple scattering scattering series based on wavepacket-nucleon scattering instead of the standard one using nucleon-nucleon scattering. We develop several new techniques which are valid for differing ranges of energy. These techniques are applied to verify some early approximations; study new forms of the wave-packet-nucleon interaction; examine effects of treating wave packets of non-zero size; and predict the production of $N^*$'s in electron scattering experiments.Comment: 26 pages, U.Wa. preprint 40427-23-N9

Higher Twist Effects in the Drell-Yan Angular Distribution

We study the Drell-Yan process $\pi N \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^- X$ at large $x_F$ using perturbative QCD. A higher-twist mechanism suggested by Berger and Brodsky is known to qualitatively explain the observed $x_F$ dependence of the muon angular distribution, but the predicted large $x_F$ behavior differs quantitatively from observations. We have repeated the model calculation taking into account the effects of nonasymptotic kinematics. At fixed-target energies we find important corrections which improve the agreement with data. The asymptotic result of Berger and Brodsky is recovered only at much higher energies. We discuss the generic reasons for the large corrections at high $x_F$. A proper understanding of the $x_F \to 1$ data would give important information on the pion distribution amplitude and exclusive form factor.Comment: 8 pages in Latex with 3 figures appended as Postscript files, HU-TFT-94-12, LBL-35430. (The introductory part has been slightly altered and three references have been added

Wide-angle elastic scattering and color randomization

Baryon-baryon elastic scattering is considered in the independent scattering (Landshoff) mechanism. It is suggested that for scattering at moderate energies, direct and interchange quark channels contribute with equal color coefficients because the quark color is randomized by soft gluon exchange during the hadronization stage. With this assumption, it is shown that the ratio of cross sections $R_{\overline{p} p/ p p}$ at CM angle $\theta = 90^0$ decreases from a high energy value of R_{\pbar p / pp} \approx 1/2.7, down to R_{\pbar p / pp} \approx 1/28, compatible with experimental data at moderate energies. This sizable fall in the ratio seems to be characteristic of the Landshoff mechanism, in which changes at the quark level have a strong effect precisely because the hadronic process occurs via multiple quark scatterings. The effect of color randomization on the angular distribution of proton-proton elastic scattering and the cross section ratio $R_{np/pp}$ is also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, latex2e, 4 uuencoded figures, include

Multivariate Fitting and the Error Matrix in Global Analysis of Data

When a large body of data from diverse experiments is analyzed using a theoretical model with many parameters, the standard error matrix method and the general tools for evaluating errors may become inadequate. We present an iterative method that significantly improves the reliability of the error matrix calculation. To obtain even better estimates of the uncertainties on predictions of physical observables, we also present a Lagrange multiplier method that explores the entire parameter space and avoids the linear approximations assumed in conventional error propagation calculations. These methods are illustrated by an example from the global analysis of parton distribution functions.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Latex; minor clarifications, fortran program made available; Normalization of Hessian matrix changed to HEP standar

Hadron Helicity Violation in Exclusive Processes: Quantitative Calculations in Leading Order QCD

We study a new mechanism for hadronic helicity flip in high energy hard exclusive reactions. The mechanism proceeds in the limit of perfect chiral symmetry, namely without any need to flip a quark helicity. The fundamental feature of the new mechanism is the breaking of rotational symmetry of the hard collision by a scattering plane in processes involving independent quark scattering. We show that in the impulse approximation there is no evidence for of the helicity violating process as the energy or momentum transfer $Q^2$ is increased over the region 1 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 100 GeV^2. In the asymptotic region Q^2> 1000 GeV^2, a saddle point approximation with doubly logarithmic accuracy yields suppression by a fraction of power of Q^2. ``Chirally--odd" exclusive wave functions which carry non--zero orbital angular momentum and yet are leading order in the high energy limit, play an important role.Comment: uuencoded LaTeX file (21 pages) and PostScript figure

A Model for the Twist-3 Wave Function of the Pion and Its Contribution to the Pion Form Factor

A model for the twist-3 wave function $\psi_p(x,\mathbf{k_\perp})$ of the pion has been constructed based on the moment calculation by applying the QCD sum rules, whose distribution amplitude has a better end-point behavior than that of the asymptotic one. With this model wave function, the twist-3 contributions including both the usual helicity components ($\lambda_1+\lambda_2=0$) and the higher helicity components ($\lambda_1+\lambda_2=\pm 1$) to the pion form factor have been studied within the modified pQCD approach. Our results show that the twist-3 contribution drops fast and it becomes less than the twist-2 contribution at $Q^2\sim 10GeV^2$. The higher helicity components in the twist-3 wave function will give an extra suppression to the pion form factor. The model dependence of the twist-3 contribution to the pion form factor has been studied by comparing three different models. When all the power contributions, which include higher order in $\alpha_s$, higher helicities, higher twists in DA and etc., have been taken into account, it is expected that the hard contributions will fit the present experimental data well at the energy region where pQCD is applicable.Comment: 22pages,4 figures. Phys.Rev. D70, 093013(2004) (in press

Gluon distributions in nucleons and pions at a low resolution scale

In this paper we study the gluon distribution functions in nucleons and pions at a low resolution $Q^2$ scale. This is an important issue since parton densities at low $Q^2$ have always been taken as an external input which is adjusted through DGLAP evolution to fit the experimental data at higher scales. Here, in the framework of a model recently developed, it is shown that the hypothetical cloud of {\it neutral} pions surrounding nucleons and pions appears to be responsible for the characteristic valence-like gluon distributions needed at the inital low scale. As an additional result, we get the remarkable prediction that neutral and charged pions have different intrinsic sea flavor contents.Comment: final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Discussion on several points enlarge

Systematic Analysis Method for Color Transparency Experiments

We introduce a data analysis procedure for color transparency experiments which is considerably less model dependent than the transparency ratio method. The new method is based on fitting the shape of the A dependence of the nuclear cross section at fixed momentum transfer to determine the effective attenuation cross section for hadrons propagating through the nucleus. The procedure does not require assumptions about the hard scattering rate inside the nuclear medium. Instead, the hard scattering rate is deduced directly from the data. The only theoretical input necessary is in modelling the attenuation due to the nuclear medium, for which we use a simple exponential law. We apply this procedure to the Brookhaven experiment of Carroll et al and find that it clearly shows color transparency: the effective attenuation cross section in events with momentum transfer $Q^2$ is approximately $40\ mb\ (2.2\ GeV^2/Q^2)$. The fit to the data also supports the idea that the hard scattering inside the nuclear medium is closer to perturbative QCD predictions than is the scattering of isolated protons in free space. We also discuss the application of our approach to electroproduction experiments.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures (figures not included, available upon request), report # KU-HEP-92-2

Consistent Analysis of the B→πB\to\pi Transition Form Factor in the Whole Physical Region

In the paper, we show that the $B\to\pi$ transition form factor can be calculated by using the different approach in the different $q^2$ regions and they are consistent with each other in the whole physical region. For the $B\to\pi$ transition form factor in the large recoil regions, one can apply the PQCD approach, where the transverse momentum dependence for both the hard scattering part and the non-perturbative wavefunction, the Sudakov effects and the threshold effects are included to regulate the endpoint singularity and to derive a more reliable PQCD result. Pionic twist-3 contributions are carefully studied with a better endpoint behavior wavefunction for $\Psi_p$ and we find that its contribution is less than the leading twist contribution. Both the two wavefunctions $\Psi_B$ and $\bar\Psi_B$ of the B meson can give sizable contributions to the $B\to\pi$ transition form factor and should be kept for a better understanding of the B decays. The present obtained PQCD results can match with both the QCD light-cone sum rule results and the extrapolated lattice QCD results in the large recoil regions.Comment: 18pages, 6 figure