Mussel Farming: A Glimpse

Mariculture of bivalves is of great importance in meeting the increasing protein demands of the human population. Bivalve groups such as oyster, mussel and clam are the most important cultivable organisms all over the world. Mussels are sedentary bivalves attaching to rocky substrata by byssus threads and they are filter feeders. Among them, Perna viridis (Green Mussel) and Perna perna (Brown mussel) form the most dominant cultivable mussel species

Pen Culture

Pen culture is defined as the raising of fish in a volume of water enclosed on all sides except the bottom, permitting the free circulation of water at least from one side. The bottom of the water body forms the bottom of the pen. This system can be considered a hybrid between pond culture and cage culture. They are usually constructed along the shallow regions of potential water bodies including the banks of the lakes as well as reservoirs

വളപ്പ് മത്സ്യകൃഷി

വളപ്പ് മത്സ്യകൃഷിയിൽ ജലാശയത്തിൻ്റെ അടിത്തട്ട് ഒഴികെ എല്ലാ വശങ്ങളും അടച്ച് ജലത്തിൽ മത്സ്യം വളർത്തി, ഒരു വശത്ത് നിന്നെങ്കിലും ജലം സ്വതന്ത്രമായി ഒഴുകാൻ അനുവദിക്കുന്നു ജലാശയത്തിൻ്റെ വളപ്പിൻ്റെ അടിഭാഗമായി രൂപപ്പെടുന്നു.ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള മത്സ്യകൃഷി സമ്പ്രദായത്തെ കുളങ്ങളിലെ മത്സ്യകൃഷിയുടെയും കൂട് മത്സ്യകൃഷിയ ടെയും സങ്കരയിനമായി കണക്കാക്കാം. അവ സാധാരണയായി തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും ജലസംഭരണിയുടെയും തീരങ്ങൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ജലാശയങ്ങളുടെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലാണ് നിർമ്മിക്കുക. വളപ്പിന്റെ ആകൃതി, ജലാശയത്തിന്റെ ആഴം, തീരത്തിന്റെയും കരയുടെയും സ്വഭാവം എന്നിവ അനുസരിച്ച് ചതുരാകൃതിയിലോ, ദീർഘചതുരാകൃതിയിലോ, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലോ, നീളമേറിയതോ, കുതിരലാടാകൃതിയിലോ ആയിരിക്കും

Distribution of Rare and Noteworthy Zingibers in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve

Abstrac

Data Flows Mapping in Fog Computing Infrastructures Using Evolutionary Inspired Heuristic

The need for scalable and low-latency architectures that can process large amount of data from geographically distributed sensors and smart devices is a main driver for the popularity of the fog computing paradigm. A typical scenario to explain the fog success is a smart city where monitoring applications collect and process a huge amount of data from a plethora of sensing devices located in streets and buildings. The classical cloud paradigm may provide poor scalability as the amount of data transferred risks the congestion on the data center links, while the high latency, due to the distance of the data center from the sensors, may create problems to latency critical applications (such as the support for autonomous driving). A fog node can act as an intermediary in the sensor-to-cloud communications where pre-processing may be used to reduce the amount of data transferred to the cloud data center and to perform latency-sensitive operations. In this book chapter we address the problem of mapping sensors over the fog nodes with a twofold contribution. First, we introduce a formal model for the mapping model that aims to minimize response time considering both network latency and processing time. Second, we present an evolutionary-inspired heuristic (using Genetic Algorithms) for a fast and accurate resolution of this problem. A thorough experimental evaluation, based on a realistic scenario, provides an insight on the nature of the problem, confirms the viability of the GAs to solve the problem, and evaluates the sensitivity of such heuristic with respect to its main parameters

Queueing-Inventory System with Two Commodities

A two-commodity inventory system with a single server is considered in this paper. We assume that the capacity of the buffers (to store the two types of commodities) to be finite. Customers (or demands) arrive according to a Poisson Process and the requirement for either type or both type of commodities are modelled using certain probabilities. Customers are lost when their demands are not met due to shortage only at the time of service offerings as opposed to getting lost when the inventory level is zero at the time of arrival. This is to allow the possibility of inventory being replenished prior to offering services to those who arrive when the inventory level is zero. A customer’s demand for both items may be met with only one item should a situation in which there is only one type of inventory is positive and the other is zero at the time of initiating a service occurs. The processing time for meeting the demands are random and modelled using exponential distribution with parameters depending on the type of demands being processed. We adopt (s, S)-type replenishment policy which depends on the type of commodity. Assuming the lead times to be exponentially distributed with parameters depending on the type of commodity, we employ matrix-analytic methods to study the queueing inventory system and report interesting results including an optimization dealing with various costs