Assessment of Crop Water Demand in Orissa

The study aims to assess the season wise total water available through rainfall and the evaporative demand of crops and then to evaluate deficit/surplus water available for further use. The district- wise monthly evaporative demand of Orissa was calculated as per the globally accepted method of FAO 56 - Penman Monteith. The results revealed that the evaporative demand (ETo) is greater than water supply through rains. The annual water available through rain is 1492.8 mm against the evaporative demand of 1657.8 mm; hence there was deficit of only 9.94 %. In non-coastal districts of Orissa, excess rainfall (649.62 to 841.9mm) over the crop evaporative demand (580.5 to 647.2mm) is higher as compared to coastal districts. When season wise crop evaporative demand and availability of rainwater as supply is concerned, in most of the districts, the availability of water during kharif season (June to October) through rainwater is quite high than the crop evaporative demand. During rabi and summer season (November -March and April-May) it is deficit. Rice being a major crop of this state consumes more water, its substitution with oilseed and pulse crops which are less water requirement, is highly beneficial to increase overall income of the farmers and also save good amount of water

Evaluation of Intercrops in Drip Irrigated Banana

Longer gestation period of orchard crops is a major constraint towards crop diversification by small and marginal farmers. This constraint can be overcome by having an intercrop. In most of the cases, the intercrop is rainfed or surface irrigated which results in either poor yield or poor water use efficiency. Further the crop should be such which can be economically grown under the shade else the opportunity time of the crop should be short. Thus need was felt to select a crop which can grow under the shade as well as can be irrigated through existing drip system with slight modification. To fill this research gap, a study was undertaken on intercropping in banana orchard with two crops: turmeric and cowpea. The irrigation was applied by either micro tube or extension tube with dripper connected to existing lateral or in-line dripper connected to submain. The study indicated that turmeric irrigated by micro tube performed best. There was no adverse effect on hydrulics of total drip system by this modification to irrigate the intercrop. The growth and yield of banana was also not affected by the intercrops. The irrigation water use efficiency was highest in unirrigated intercrop treatments. The additional income from turmeric was about Rs. 23,700/- per ha/year which means that a good part of the investment in drip is recovered back within two years by intercrop alone

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Not AvailableIn this study, the hydroclimatic variables of Orissa, a tropical region in eastern India, and the cyclonic disturbances over the Bay of Bengal were analysed to assess trends and variations using nonparametric statistical procedures. The trend results revealed pronounced warming pattern in the monthly maximum temperatures and cooling pattern in the monthly minimum temperatures for the period 1987–2001. The differential forcing mechanisms of greenhouse gases and aerosols were considered as a reason for the temperature extremes. For the period 1960–2003, significant upward shift was observed in June rainfall, particularly over the region where orography influences the rainfall. This study provides strong evidence suggesting the occurrence of abrupt shifts in the cyclonic disturbances over the Bay of Bengal. For the period 1901–2003, the monsoon depressions and cyclonic storms, which contribute a substantial amount of rainfall in Orissa and central India, exhibited significant downward abrupt shifts during 1971 and 1950, respectively. However, severe cyclonic storms in the post-monsoon season showed significant upward shift during the 1961–1965 pentad. More cases of non-significant decreasing trends were observed in the monsoon rainfall for the period 1980–2003 in spite of high inter-annual variability. These trends may be attributed to the significant downward shift in the monsoon depression from 1983 onwards analysed for the period 1960–2003. Results also show that the observed trends are highly sensitive to the season of analysis and the period of records.Not Availabl

Utilization of distillery wastewater for improving production in underproductive paddy grown area in India

560-563This study presents a field experiment by using treated wastewater of cane molasses distilleries (DE) for improvingcropping in underproductive area (acidic red and laterite soil) in Orissa. Grain and straw yield and nutrients’ uptake weresubstantially improved over normal practice. Wastewater (@ 120 m3/ha) was found as most favorable concentration for growingpaddy in acidic, red and laterite soil area

Management of drip irrigated sugarcane in western India

Not AvailableThe present study on drip irrigation in sugarcane was undertaken to assess crop yield,quality of juice, nutrient uptake and its utilization efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, and soil moisture status for two crop years at the Research Farm of Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra (long. 198450 to 198570 north; lat. 748180 to 748650 east), India. Drip irrigation at 2-, 3-, and 4-day intervals produced 20, 16 and 13% higher cane yield than furrow irrigation at 75 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) in which the cane yield was 131.4 t ha71. During the crop growth period, soil moisture depletion was 34–46% in furrow-irrigated treatment and 5–20% in drip-irrigated treatment. Similarly, 108% higher irrigation water use efficiency was achieved in 2-day drip irrigation over furrow irrigation in which the irrigation water efficiency was 787 kg ha71 cm. Fertilization through drip improved agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, and apparent recovery considerably more than furrow irrigation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted during 2005-06 and 2006-07 winter seasons to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes and fertility levels on physiological parameters, growth and yield of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal). The treatments consisted of three irrigation regimes (I1- drip irrigation at 100% pan evaporation (PE), I2 at 80% PE and I3 at 60% PE) combined with three fertility levels (F1 -100%, F2 - 75% and F3 - 50% recommended dose of NPK) with an extra (control) treatment having surface irrigation and soil application of fertilizers. The cultivation of ashwagandha with application of drip irrigation at 80% of pan evaporation along with application of full dose of fertilizers (100% RD through fertigation) resulted in significant improvement in growth, physiological parameters (CGR, RGR, Chlorophyll content, NAR and LAI), and root and seed yields.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted during 2005–06 and 2006–07 winter seasons to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes and fertility levels on physiological parameters, growth and yield of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal). The treatments consisted of three irrigation regimes, viz., I1: drip irrigation at 100 % pan evaporation (PE), I2: drip irrigation at 80 % PE and I3: drip irrigation at 60 % PE, combined with three fertility levels, i.e., F1: 100 %, F2: 75 % and F3: 50 % of recommended dose of NPK, control having surface irrigation and soil application of fertilizers. The cultivation of ashwagandha with application of drip irrigation at 80 % of pan evaporation along with application of 100 % recommended dose through fertigation resulted in significant improvement in growth, physiological parameters such as crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and root and seed yieldsNot Availabl