496 research outputs found
Double Beta Decay, Nuclear Structure and Physics beyond the Standard Model
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay () is presently the only known
experiment to distinguisch between Dirac neutrinos, different from their
antiparticles, and Majorana neutrinos, identical with their antiparticles. In
addition allows to determine the absolute scale of the
neutrino masses. This is not possible with neutrino oscillations. To determine
the neutrino masses one must assume, that the light Majorana neutrino exchange
is the leading mechanism for and that the matrix element of
this transition can ba calculated reliably. The experimental
transition amplitude in this mechanism is a product of the light left handed
effective Majorana neutrino mass and of this transition matrix element. The
different methods, Quasi-particle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA), Shell
Model (SM), Projected Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (PHFB) and Interacting Boson
Model (IBM2) used in the literature and the reliability of the matrix elements
in these approaches are reviewed. In the second part it is investigated how one
can determine the leading mechanism or mechanisms from the data of the
decay in different nuclei. Explicite expressions are given for
the transition matrix elements. is shown, that possible interference terms
allow to test CP (Charge and Parity conjugation) violation.Comment: Contribution to the EPS conference in Eilath: "Nuclear Physics in
Astrophysics 5." April 3rd to 8th. 201
Off-equilibrium corrections to energy and conserved charge densities in the relativistic fluid in heavy-ion collisions
Dissipative processes in relativistic fluids are known to be important in the
analyses of the hot QCD matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In
this work, I consider dissipative corrections to energy and conserved charge
densities, which are conventionally assumed to be vanishing but could be
finite. Causal dissipative hydrodynamics is formulated in the presence of those
dissipative currents. The relation between hydrodynamic stability and transport
coefficients is discussed. I then study their phenomenological consequences on
the observables of heavy-ion collisions in numerical simulations. It is shown
that particle spectra and elliptic flow can be visibly modified.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; title changed, references added, conclusions
unchange
The effects of deformation and pairing correlations on nuclear charge form factor
A set of moderately deformed shell nuclei is employed for testing the
reliability of the nuclear ground state wave functions which are obtained in
the context of a BCS approach and offer a simultaneous consideration of
deformation and pairing correlations effects. In this method, the mean field is
assumed to be an axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential and the effective
two-body interaction is a monopole pairing force. As quantities of main
interest we have chosen the nuclear form factors, the occupancies of the active
(surface) orbits and the Fermi sea depletion, which provide quite good tests
for microscopic descriptions of nuclei within many body theories. For our
comparisons with results emerging from other similar methods, an axially
deformed harmonic oscillator field is also utilized.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 2 table
Exciton Valley Dynamics probed by Kerr Rotation in WSe2 Monolayers
We have experimentally studied the pump-probe Kerr rotation dynamics in
WSe monolayers. This yields a direct measurement of the exciton valley
depolarization time . At T=4K, we find ps, a fast
relaxation time resulting from the strong electron-hole Coulomb exchange
interaction in bright excitons. The exciton valley depolarization time
decreases significantly when the lattice temperature increases with
being as short as 1.5ps at 125K. The temperature dependence is well explained
by the developed theory taking into account the exchange interaction and a fast
exciton scattering time on short-range potentials.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Carrier and polarization dynamics in monolayer MoS2
In monolayer MoS2 optical transitions across the direct bandgap are governed
by chiral selection rules, allowing optical valley initialization. In time
resolved photoluminescence (PL) experiments we find that both the polarization
and emission dynamics do not change from 4K to 300K within our time resolution.
We measure a high polarization and show that under pulsed excitation the
emission polarization significantly decreases with increasing laser power. We
find a fast exciton emission decay time on the order of 4ps. The absence of a
clear PL polarization decay within our time resolution suggests that the
initially injected polarization dominates the steady state PL polarization. The
observed decrease of the initial polarization with increasing pump photon
energy hints at a possible ultrafast intervalley relaxation beyond the
experimental ps time resolution. By compensating the temperature induced change
in bandgap energy with the excitation laser energy an emission polarization of
40% is recovered at 300K, close to the maximum emission polarization for this
sample at 4K.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures including supplementary materia
The 0nbb-decay nuclear matrix elements with self-consistent short-range correlations
A self-consistent calculation of nuclear matrix elements of the neutrinoless
double beta decays (0nbb) of 76Ge, 82Se, 96Zr, 100Mo, 116Cd, 128Te, 130Te and
130Xe is presented in the framework of the renormalized quasiparticle random
phase approximation (RQRPA) and the standard QRPA. The pairing and residual
interactions as well as the two-nucleon short-range correlations are for the
first time derived from the same modern realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials,
namely from charge-dependent Bonn potential (CD-Bonn) and the Argonne V18
potential. In a comparison with the traditional approach of using the
Miller-Spencer Jastrow correlations matrix elements for the 0nbb-decay are
obtained, which are larger in magnitude. We analyze the differences among
various two-nucleon correlations including those of the unitary correlation
operator method (UCOM) and quantify the uncertainties in the calculated
0nbb-decay matrix elements.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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