2,456 research outputs found
A Low-cost Multi-channel Analogue Signal Generator
A scalable multi-channel analogue signal generator is presented. It uses a commercial low-cost graphics card with multiple outputs in a standard PC as signal source. Each color signal serves as independent channel to generate an analogue signal. A custom-built external PCB was developed to adjust the graphics card output voltage levels for a specific task, which needed differential signals. The system furthermore comprises a software package to program the signal shape. The signal generator was successfully used as independent test bed for the ATLAS Level-1 Trigger Pre-Processor, providing up to 16 analogue signals
From Flood to Drip Irrigation Under Climate Change: Impacts on Evapotranspiration and Groundwater Recharge in the Mediterranean Region of Valencia (Spain)
[EN] Agricultural irrigation is the major water consumer in the Mediterranean region. In response to the growing pressure on freshwater resources, more efficient irrigation technologies have been widely promoted. In this study, we assess the impact of the ongoing transition from flood to drip irrigation on future hydroclimatic regimes under various climate change scenarios, with a particular focus on actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge in the Mediterranean region of Valencia, Spain. Hydroclimatic predictions for the near-term future (2020-2049) and the mid-term future (2045-2074) were made under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) using a hydrological model that was forced with data from five GCM-RCM combinations and field-based irrigation volume and frequency observations. Our findings suggest that climate change could lead to statistically significant changes in the regional hydroclimatic regime despite projection uncertainties. Major changes include a statistically significant decrease in mean groundwater recharge of up to -6.6% under flood irrigation and -9.3% under drip irrigation and contrasting changes in mean actual evapotranspiration for flood and drip irrigation in the order of +1% and -2.1%, respectively. Since sustainably available water resources in the Valencia region are entirely allocated, the expected changes and associated uncertainties create a challenging context for future water management. Our simulations further indicate that, rather than climate change, the choice of irrigation technique may have a greater impact on actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Our findings therefore highlight the importance of considering both climate change and irrigation technique when assessing future water resources in irrigated Mediterranean agriculture.The authors thank the Coop Research Program on "Sustainability in Food Value Chains" of the ETH Zurich World Food System Center and the ETH Zurich Foundation for supporting this project. The Coop Research Program is supported by the Coop Sustainability Fund. The authors further thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research project TE-TISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B-100) for financial support. This work was also supported by the ADAPTAMED research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-101483-B-I00) with European FEDER funds.Pool, S.; Francés, F.; Garcia-Prats, A.; Pulido-Velazquez, M.; Sanchis Ibor, C.; Schirmer, M.; Yang, H.... (2021). From Flood to Drip Irrigation Under Climate Change: Impacts on Evapotranspiration and Groundwater Recharge in the Mediterranean Region of Valencia (Spain). Earth's Future. 9(5):1-20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001859S1209
Observation of B+->Lambda_c+Lambda_c-K+ and B0->Lambda_c+Lambda_c^-K0 decays
We report first measurements of the doubly charmed baryonic B decays
B->Lambda_c+Lambda_c-K. The B+->Lambda_c+Lambda_c-K+ decay is observed with a
branching fraction of (6.5+1.0-0.9+-1.1+-3.4)x10^{-4} and a statistical
significance of 15.4sigma. The B0->Lambda_c+Lambda_c-K0 decay is observed with
a branching fraction of (7.9+2.9-2.3+-1.2+-4.2)x10^{-4} and a statistical
significance of 6.6sigma. The branching fraction errors are statistical,
systematic, and the error resulting from the uncertainty of Lambda_c+->pK-pi+
decay branching fraction. The analysis is based on 357fb-1 of data accumulated
at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e+e-
collider.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Observation of b --> d gamma and Determination of |V_td/V_ts|
We report the observation of the flavor-changing neutral current process b
--> d gamma using a sample of 386*10^6 B meson pairs accumulated by the Belle
detector at the KEKB e+ e- collider. We measure branching fractions for the
exclusive modes B- --> rho- gamma, B0bar --> rho0 gammaand B0bar --> omega
gamma. Assuming that these three modes are related by isospin, we find Br(B -->
(rho,omega) gamma) = (1.32 +0.34-0.31(stat.) +0.10-0.09(syst.)) * 10^-6 with a
significance of 5.1 sigma. This result is used to determine the ratio of CKM
matrix elements |V_td/V_ts| to be 0.199 +0.026-0.025(exp.) +0.018-0.015(theo.).Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Pion and proton showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter
Showers produced by positive hadrons in the highly granular CALICE
scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter were studied. The experimental
data were collected at CERN and FNAL for single particles with initial momenta
from 10 to 80 GeV/c. The calorimeter response and resolution and spatial
characteristics of shower development for proton- and pion-induced showers for
test beam data and simulations using Geant4 version 9.6 are compared.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, JINST style, changes in the author list, typos
corrected, new section added, figures regrouped. Accepted for publication in
JINS
Measurement of phi_3 with Dalitz plot analysis of B+ -> D(*)K(*)+ decay
We present a measurement of the unitarity triangle angle phi_3 using a Dalitz
plot analysis of the K0_S pi+ pi- decay of the neutral D meson from the B+- ->
D(*)K(*)+- process. The method employs the interference between D0 and D0bar to
extract the angle phi_3, strong phase Delta and the ratio r of suppressed and
allowed amplitudes. We apply this method to a 357 fb-1 data sample collected by
the Belle experiment. The analysis uses three modes: B+ -> DK+, B+ -> D*K+ with
D* -> Dpi0, and B+ -> DK*+ with K*+ -> K0_S pi+, as well as the corresponding
charge-conjugate modes. From a combined maximum likelihood fit to the three
modes, we obtain phi_3=53+15-18(stat)+-3(syst)+-9(model) degrees. The
corresponding two standard deviation interval is 8<phi_3<111 degrees.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables. To be submitted to Phys. Rev.
Measurement of Azimuthal Asymmetries in Inclusive Production of Hadron Pairs in e+e- Annihilation at Belle
The Collins effect connects transverse quark spin with a measurable azimuthal
dependence in the yield of hadronic fragments around the quark's momentum
vector. Using two different reconstruction methods we observe statistically
significant azimuthal asymmetries for charged pion pairs in e+e- annihilation
at a center-of-mass energy of 10.52 GeV, which can be attributed to a
transverse polarization of the primordial quarks. The measurement was performed
using a sample of 79 million hadronic events collected with the Belle detector.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Measurement of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries in Decay
We present a measurement of CP-violation parameters in the B0 -> KsKsKs decay
based on a sample of 275 x 10^6 BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S)
resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e- collider.
One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in the decay B0 -> KsKsKs, and the
flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products.
CP-violation parameters are obtained from the asymmetry in the distributions of
the proper-time interval between the two B decays: S = +1.26 +/- 0.68(stat) +/-
0.20(syst) and A = +0.54 +/- 0.34(stat) +/- 0.09(syst).Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures 10 pages, 2 figure
Measurements of CP Violation in and Decays
We report measurements of time dependent decay rates for decays and extraction of CP violation parameters that depend on
. Using fully reconstructed events and partially
reconstructed events from a data sample that contains 386 million
pairs that was collected near the resonance, with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy collider, we obtain the
CP violation parameters and . We obtain
,
, and
,
.
These results are an indication of CP violation in and
decays at the and levels,
respectively. If we use the values of that are derived using
assumptions of factorization and SU(3) symmetry, the branching fraction
measurements for the modes, and lattice QCD calculations, we
can restrict the allowed region of to be above 0.44
and 0.52 at 68% confidence level from the and modes,
respectively.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Measurements of Branching Fractions and CP Asymmetries in B-> etah Decays
We report measurements of B to pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar decays with at least
one eta meson in the final state using 140 fb^{-1} of data collected by the
Belle detector at KEKB e^+ e^- collider. We observe the decay B^+-> eta pi^+
and find evidence of B^+-> eta K+; the measured branching fractions are B(B^+->
eta pi^+)=(4.8^{+0.8}_{-0.7}(stat) +- 0.3(sys))*10^{-6} and B(B^+-> eta
K^+)=(2.1 +- 0.6(stat)+- 0.2(sys))*10^{-6}. Their corresponding CP violating
asymmetries are measured to be 0.07+- 0.15 (stat) +- 0.03(sys) for eta pi^+-
and -0.49+- 0.31 (stat) +- 0.07(sys) for eta K^+-. No significant signals are
found for neutral B->eta h decays. We report the following upper limits on
branching fractions at the 90% confidence level: B(B-> eta K^0 < 2.0* 10^{-6},
B(B-> eta pi0) eta eta) <2.0*10^{-6}.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
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