1,954 research outputs found
Quintessential Inflation in a thawing realization
We study quintessential inflation with an inverse hyperbolic type potential
, where ,
and "n" are parameters of the theory. We obtain a bound on
for different values of the parameter n. The spectral index and the
tensor-to-scalar-ratio fall in the bound given by the Planck 2015
data for for certain values of . However for
there exist values of for which the spectral index and the
tensor-to-scalar-ratio fall only within the bound of the Planck
data. Furthermore, we show that the scalar field with the given potential can
also give rise to late time acceleration if we invoke the coupling to massive
neutrino matter. We also consider the instant preheating mechanism with Yukawa
interaction and put bounds on the coupling constants for our model using the
nucleosynthesis constraint on relic gravity waves produced during inflation.Comment: 11 page
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A Copula-Based Joint Model of Commute Mode Choice and Number of Non-Work Stops during the Commute
At the time of publication A. Portoghese, E. Spissu, and I. Meloni were at University of Cagliari, and C.R. Bhat and N. Eluru were at the University of Texas at Austin.In this paper, in the spirit of a tour-based frame of analysis, we examine the commute mode choice
and the number of non-work stops during the commute. Understanding the mode and activity stop
dimensions of weekday commute travel is important since the highest level of weekday traffic
congestion in urban areas occurs during the commute periods. The paper employs a copula-based
joint multinomial logit – ordered modeling framework in which commute mode choice is modeled
using a multinomial logit formulation and the number of commute stops is modeled using an ordered
response formulation. The data used in this study are drawn from the “Time use” multipurpose
survey conducted between 2002 and 2003 by the Turin Town Council and the Italian National
Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in the Greater Turin metropolitan area of Italy. The results highlight
the importance of accommodating the inter-relationship between commute mode choice and
commute stops behavior. The results also point to the stronger effect of household responsibilities
and demographic characteristics in the Italian context compared to the US context.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin
Study of drug utilization trends in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective study
Background: Drug utilization studies play crucial role in the health sector and ultimately it provides insight into the efficiency of drug use and results of such research can be used to help to set priorities for the rational use of medicines and allocation of health care budgets. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) contributing to significant mortality and morbidity of populations especially in developing countries like India. Polypharmacy and irrational prescription are significant negative fallouts in treatment of RTIs. Keeping in view of this, our study was undertaken to analyze the drug utilization pattern of RTIs.Methods: The study was conducted at Gandhi Hospital, after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. We have collected data of 600 case records of the patients diagnosed with respiratory tract infection and evaluated for prescribing patterns in consonance with WHO indicators.Results: Out of the total case records 348 (58%) were of male patients and 252 (42%) of female patients. Age wise distribution was done; 79 (13.16%) 0-15 years, 46 (7.67%) 16-30 years, 123 (20.50%) 31-45 years, 194 (32.33%) 46-60 years and 158 (26.33%) patients belongs to >60 years of age group respectively. A total of 4682 drugs were prescribed, 2468 (52.71%) antibiotics, 768 (16.4%) bronchodilators, 581 (12.4%) corticosteroids, 323 (6.89%) antacids, 542 (11.57%) in miscellaneous category respectively. With regard to formulations 2463 (52.60%) oral, 1463 (31.24%) injectable and 756 (16.14%) inhalational drugs were prescribed. Numbers of Fixed dose combinations were 712 (15.20%). 7.8 drugs were prescribed per prescription. 2493 (53.24%) drugs were prescribed from National Essential Medicine List. 4168 (89.02%) drugs were prescribed by their brand names.Conclusions: Prescription of drugs with branded names, Irrational prescribing, poly pharmacy were observed in our study. So there is an urgent need for creating awareness among the health care professionals regarding rational prescription by using data from from drug utilization studies.
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