Prospective study of functional outcome of distal femur fracture managed by distal femur nailing

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the functional outcome of distal third femur fracture managed by retrograde intramedullary nailing.Methods: 25 patients with closed distal third femur fracture were enrolled in the study satisfying the inclusion criteria and underwent surgical management with distal femur nailing. Follow up of all the patients was done at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The functional outcome of all the operated patients was evaluated by using Lysholm knee scoring system.Results: In present study 25 cases underwent surgical management with distal femur nailing. After the clinical sign and radiological sign of union, cases were trained with active and passive joint mobilization exercises and functional outcome was evaluated by Lysholm knee scoring system (component-limp, support, pain, instability, locking, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting). The scores were further graded as excellent (>90), good (84-90), fair (65-83) and poor (<65). Out of 25 patient, functional outcome was excellent in 13 (52%), good in 4(13%), fair in 6 (24%) and poor in 2 (8%).Conclusions: The retrograde intramedullary nailing can be considered as a successful, safe reliable, effective and useful technique which should find a place in the armamentarium of every orthopaedic surgeon who deals with distal third femoral fractures

EMERGING THERAPY FOR DENGUE

Dengue fever is acute febrile diseases, it's caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genusare Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes can occurs. It's transmitted to humans by the mosquito. The incidence of dengue has grown around the world in recent a period of ten years. However, several classes of agents are in under investigation as potential anti-dengue drugs, including direct host modulators, antivirals, and RNAi therapeutics. These anti-dengue drugs in development will be reviewed here

Magnetization reversal in exchange-spring bilayer system under circularly polarized microwave field

Microwave assisted magnetization reversal are studied in the bulk bilayer exchange coupled system. We investigate the nonlinear magnetization reversal dynamics in a perpendicular exchange spring media using Landau-Lifshitz equation. In the limit of the infinite thickness of the system, the propagation field leads the reversal of the system. The reduction of the switching field and the magnetization profile in the extended system are studied numerically. The possibility to study the dynamics analytically is discussed and an approximation where two P-modes are coupled by an interaction field is presented. The ansatz used for the interaction field is validated by comparison with the numerical results. This approach is shown to be equivalent to two exchange coupled macrospins

Remarkable Hydrogen Storage on Beryllium Oxide Clusters: First-Principles Calculations

Since the current transportation sector is the largest consumer of oil, and subsequently responsible for major air pollutants, it is inevitable to use alternative renewable sources of energies for vehicular applications. The hydrogen energy seems to be a promising candidate. To explore the possibility of achieving a solid-state high-capacity storage of hydrogen for onboard applications, we have performed first-principles density functional theoretical calculations of hydrogen storage properties of beryllium oxide dusters (BeO)(n) (n = 2-8). We observed that a polar BeO bond is responsible for H-2 adsorption. The problem of cohesion of beryllium atoms does not arise, as they are an integral part of BeO clusters. The (BeO)(n) (n = 2-8) adsorbs 8-12 H-2 molecules with an adsorption energy in the desirable range of reversible hydrogen storage. The gravimetric density of H-2 adsorbed on BeO clusters meets the ultimate 7.5 wt % limit, recommended for onboard practical applications. In conclusion, beryllium oxide dusters exhibit a remarkable solid-state hydrogen storage

Hyperthyroidism with Pulmonary Hypertension for Emergency Caesarean Section – A Rare Case

Recent studies have suggested an association between Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) and thyroid disease. This combination is however rare during pregnancy. Here is a case of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism with severe PAH presenting during the third trimester. Due to impeding fetal distress patient was taken for delivery via caesarean section. Under a cover of Propylthiouracil (PTU) and beta blockers, epidural anaesthesia was given to avoid substantial hemodynamic variations which may induce sudden right ventricular insufficiency. Uneventful intraoperative and postoperative course ensured good maternal outcome

Continuous hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to 2-butene- and butane-1,4-diols

Continuous catalytic hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol (B<SUB>3</SUB>D) was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor over 1% Pt/CaCO<SUB>3 </SUB>catalyst to give 2-butene-1,4-diol (B<SUB>2</SUB>D) and butane-1,4-diol (B<SUB>1</SUB>D) without formation of any other side products. In case of continuous hydrogenation, higher selectivity (66%) to B<SUB>2</SUB>D could be obtained and the selectivity pattern was completely different from that found in case of batch slurry operation in which B<SUB>1</SUB>D selectivity was very much higher (83%) than the B<SUB>2</SUB>D selectivity (17%). Another interesting feature was that by varying the contact time, the selectivity to both B<SUB>2</SUB>D as well as B<SUB>1</SUB>D could be varied over a wide range which is an attractive option to obtain the desired products mix of B<SUB>1</SUB>D and B<SUB>2</SUB>D, depending on the fluctuation in the market demand. Further, a mathematical model for reactor performance was also developed on the basis of the kinetic data obtained previously in a batch slurry reactor. The predicted values of conversion, selectivity, and rate of hydrogenation were found to agree with the experimental data over a wide range of conditions