126,293 research outputs found
A covariant entropy bound conjecture on the dynamical horizon
As a compelling pattern for the holographic principle, our covariant entropy
bound conjecture is proposed for more general dynamical horizons. Then we apply
our conjecture to CDM cosmological models, where we find it imposes a
novel upper bound on the cosmological constant for our own universe
by taking into account the dominant entropy contribution from super-massive
black holes, which thus provides an alternative macroscopic perspective to
understand the longstanding cosmological constant problem. As an intriguing
implication of this conjecture, we also discuss the possible profound relation
between the present cosmological constant, the origin of mass, and the
anthropic principle.Comment: JHEP style, 9 pages, 1 figure, honorable mention award received from
Gravity Research Foundation for 2008 Essay Competitio
Mapping of dissipative particle dynamics in fluctuating hydrodynamics simulations
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a novel particle method for mesoscale
modeling of complex fluids. DPD particles are often thought to represent
packets of real atoms, and the physical scale probed in DPD models are
determined by the mapping of DPD variables to the corresponding physical
quantities. However, the non-uniqueness of such mapping has led to difficulties
in setting up simulations to mimic real systems and in interpreting results.
For modeling transport phenomena where thermal fluctuations are important
(e.g., fluctuating hydrodynamics), an area particularly suited for DPD method,
we propose that DPD fluid particles should be viewed as only 1) to provide a
medium in which the momentum and energy are transferred according to the
hydrodynamic laws and 2) to provide objects immersed in the DPD fluids the
proper random "kicks" such that these objects exhibit correct fluctuation
behaviors at the macroscopic scale. We show that, in such a case, the choice of
system temperature and mapping of DPD scales to physical scales are uniquely
determined by the level of coarse-graining and properties of DPD fluids. We
also verified that DPD simulation can reproduce the macroscopic effects of
thermal fluctuation in particulate suspension by showing that the Brownian
diffusion of solid particles can be computed in DPD simulations with good
accuracy
Quark Recombination and Heavy Quark Diffusion in Hot Nuclear Matter
We discuss resonance recombination for quarks and show that it is compatible
with quark and hadron distributions in local thermal equilibrium. We then
calculate realistic heavy quark phase space distributions in heavy ion
collisions using Langevin simulations with non-perturbative T-matrix
interactions in hydrodynamic backgrounds. We hadronize the heavy quarks on the
critical hypersurface given by hydrodynamics after constructing a criterion for
the relative recombination and fragmentation contributions. We discuss the
influence of recombination and flow on the resulting heavy meson and single
electron R_AA and elliptic flow. We will also comment on the effect of
diffusion of open heavy flavor mesons in the hadronic phase.Comment: Contribution to Quark Matter 2011, submitted to J.Phys.G; 4 pages, 5
figure
A Possible Way of Connecting the Grassmann Variables and the Number of Generation
We construct a Left-Right symmetric model in which the number of generation
is related to Grassmann variables. We introduce two sets of complex Grassmann
variables (,), (, ) and
associate each variable with left- and right-handed quark and lepton fields,
respectively. Expanding quark and lepton fields in powers of the Grassmann
variables, we find that there are exactly three generations of quarks and
leptons. Integrating out the Grassmann variables, we obtain phenomenologically
acceptable fermion mass matrices.Comment: 7 pages, Revtex, UM-P-93/40, OZ-93/1
A covariant entropy conjecture on cosmological dynamical horizon
We here propose a covariant entropy conjecture on cosmological dynamical
horizon. After the formulation of our conjecture, we test its validity in
adiabatically expanding universes with open, flat and closed spatial geometry,
where our conjecture can also be viewed as a cosmological version of the
generalized second law of thermodynamics in some sense.Comment: JHEP style, 9 pages, 1 figure, typos corrected, accepted for
publication in JHE
Covariant entropy conjecture and concordance cosmological models
Recently a covariant entropy conjecture has been proposed for dynamical
horizons. We apply this conjecture to concordance cosmological models, namely,
those cosmological models filled with perfect fluids, in the presence of a
positive cosmological constant. As a result, we find this conjecture has a
severe constraint power. Not only does this conjecture rule out those
cosmological models disfavored by the anthropic principle, but also it imposes
an upper bound on the cosmological constant for our own universe,
which thus provides an alternative macroscopic perspective for understanding
the long-standing cosmological constant problem.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, JHEP style, references added, published versio
Chinese multinational enterprises' firm-specific advantages and a critic on the international business theory
We argue that the extant literature tends to view that EMNEs do not have FSAs and in particular, innovation-based ownership advantages. This, however, is not a fact but a myth that deserves detailed examination. Drawing on a case study of four Chinese multinationals, we argue that some Chinese multinationals have brilliant innovation capabilities particularly in areas such as services-based innovation, architectural innovation and grafting innovation. This helps to explain their rapid rise and internationalisation. We therefore argue that Dunning’s OLI paradigm is still relevant in the context of EMNEs. However we also accept that the OLI paradigm needs to be taken with a complementary view that EMNEs also internationalise to augment their assets/capabilities. We call for further studies on EMNEs’ FSAs with a broader view of innovatio
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