Random billiards with wall temperature and associated Markov chains

By a random billiard we mean a billiard system in which the standard specular reflection rule is replaced with a Markov transition probabilities operator P that, at each collision of the billiard particle with the boundary of the billiard domain, gives the probability distribution of the post-collision velocity for a given pre-collision velocity. A random billiard with microstructure (RBM) is a random billiard for which P is derived from a choice of geometric/mechanical structure on the boundary of the billiard domain. RBMs provide simple and explicit mechanical models of particle-surface interaction that can incorporate thermal effects and permit a detailed study of thermostatic action from the perspective of the standard theory of Markov chains on general state spaces. We focus on the operator P itself and how it relates to the mechanical/geometric features of the microstructure, such as mass ratios, curvatures, and potentials. The main results are as follows: (1) we characterize the stationary probabilities (equilibrium states) of P and show how standard equilibrium distributions studied in classical statistical mechanics, such as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the Knudsen cosine law, arise naturally as generalized invariant billiard measures; (2) we obtain some basic functional theoretic properties of P. Under very general conditions, we show that P is a self-adjoint operator of norm 1 on an appropriate Hilbert space. In a simple but illustrative example, we show that P is a compact (Hilbert-Schmidt) operator. This leads to the issue of relating the spectrum of eigenvalues of P to the features of the microstructure;(3) we explore the latter issue both analytically and numerically in a few representative examples;(4) we present a general algorithm for simulating these Markov chains based on a geometric description of the invariant volumes of classical statistical mechanics

Decay dynamics of excitonic polarons in InAs/GaAs quantum dots

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 110, 074303 (2011) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3639310.We present time-resolved studies of the exciton-phonon interaction in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. Different scattering and luminescence processes were investigated by time-resolved spectroscopy exciting resonantly into the quantum dot’s electronic structure. By studying the characteristic decay times of the ground state and of several phonon-assisted recombinations we were able to distinguish a resonant Raman process from a phonon-assisted photoluminescence process which are always simultaneously present and can interfere with each other. While lifetimes under 30 ps were observed for the coherent Raman process, the incoherent phonon-assisted recombination exhibited typical lifetimes of around 1 ns independently of the excitation energy. We conclude that under resonant excitation the dominant radiative recombination process in this system always involves an electronic state of the ground state of the quantum dot’s electronic structure. Combining temperature-dependent and time-resolved measurements we show that a weak phonon-bottleneck is present in the low temperature regime (< 130 K), while it disappears for higher temperatures.DFG, 43659573, SFB 787: Halbleiter - Nanophotonik: Materialien, Modelle, BauelementeDFG, 53182490, EXC 314: Unifying Concepts in Catalysi

Reciclagem de nitrogênio em pastagem consorciada de Calopogonium mucunoides com Brachiaria decumbens.

O trabalho estuda a reciclagem de nitrogênio (N) de Calopogonium mucunoides associado com Brachiaria decumbens, sob pastejo continuo, com lotação de 2,5 U.A/ha. As avaliações foram efetuadas através da medida de crescimento da matéria seca (MS) da gramínea e da leguminosa e da quantidade de N em Kg/ha, mobilizada pelo crescimento para a biomassa das plantas da pastagem. Efetuaram-se avaliações do N total e N assimilável (amônia + nitrato) no perfil do solo, a profundidade de 0 a 250 cm, bem como do desempenho do Rhizobium associado a leguminosa. Pode-se determinar que, a consorciação, o crescimento da gramínea, que mobilizou do solo para a vegetação 105,47 kg de N/ha, foi acrescido de mais 81,37 kg de N/ha por ano, mobilizado pelo crescimento da leguminosa.Na pastagem de gramínea pura, o N mobilizado do solo foi de 123,10 kg de N/ha. e uma diferença significativa (P<0,05) de 63,84 kg de N/ha por ano foi adicionada ao sistema da pastagem, sendo atribuída em sua maior parte a fixação simbiótica, realizada pelo Calopogonium mucunoides. O N reciclado resultou um aumento significativo (P<0,05) na oferta de N e proteína bruta na forragem disponível do pasto consociado, ao longo do ano. A leguminosa foi responsável também por um aumento significativo (P<0,05) da percentagem de N total na camada superficial do solo e aumentou significativamente (P<0,05) o conteúdo de N assimilável no perfil. Os estudos realizados em casa de vegetação, com Rhizobium isolado de plantas da pastagem, indicaram que a estirpe associada...bitstream/item/104558/1/Reciclagem-de-nitrogenio-em-pastagem.pd

Dark-State Polaritons for multi-component and stationary light fields

We present a general scheme to determine the loss-free adiabatic eigensolutions (dark-state polaritons) of the interaction of multiple probe laser beams with a coherently driven atomic ensemble under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. To this end we generalize the Morris-Shore transformation to linearized Heisenberg-Langevin equations describing the coupled light-matter system in the weak excitation limit. For the simple lambda-type coupling scheme the generalized Morris-Shore transformation reproduces the dark-state polariton solutions of slow light. Here we treat a closed-loop dual-V scheme wherein two counter-propagating control fields generate a quasi stationary pattern of two counter-propagating probe fields -- so-called stationary light. We show that contrary to previous predictions,there exists a single unique dark-state polariton; it obeys a simple propagation equation.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Experimental Search for Non-Newtonian Forces in the Nanometer Scale with Slow Neutrons

Improved limits for new gravity-like short-range interactions, in which a scattering potential is modeled by the Yukawa-type parametrization, have been obtained by measuring the angular distribution of 6 \AA\ neutrons scattering from atomic xenon gas. We have collected approximately $1.4 \times 10^8$ small-angle neutron scattering events. The data are interpreted as no evidence of new forces and show improved upper limits on the coupling strength in the interaction range of $0.3$ nm to $9$ nm. These improved constraints are also interpreted as new limits for a model, in which a charge of the new forces is expressed as a linear combination of the baryon number and the lepton number.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 14TH ASIA-PACIFIC PHYSICS CONFERENCE (APPC2019

Taxas e métodos de semeadura para Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã em safrinha.

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