Analytical approach to directed sandpile models on the Apollonian network

We investigate a set of directed sandpile models on the Apollonian network, which are inspired on the work by Dhar and Ramaswamy (PRL \textbf{63}, 1659 (1989)) for Euclidian lattices. They are characterized by a single parameter $q$, that restricts the number of neighbors receiving grains from a toppling node. Due to the geometry of the network, two and three point correlation functions are amenable to exact treatment, leading to analytical results for the avalanche distributions in the limit of an infinite system, for $q=1,2$. The exact recurrence expressions for the correlation functions are numerically iterated to obtain results for finite size systems, when larger values of $q$ are considered. Finally, a detailed description of the local flux properties is provided by a multifractal scaling analysis.Comment: 7 pages in two-column format, 10 illustrations, 5 figure

Preparation and characterization of methacrylate hydrogels for zeta potential control

A technique based on the measurement of streaming potentials has been developed to evaluate the effects of hydrophilic coatings on electroosmotic flow. The apparatus and procedure are described as well as some results concerning the electrokinetic potential of glass capillaries as a function of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. The effect that turbulence and entrance flow conditions have on accurate streaming potential measurements is discussed. Various silane adhesion promoters exhibited only a slight decrease in streaming potential. A coating utilizing a glycidoxy silane base upon which methylcellulose is applied affords a six-fold decrease over uncoated tubes. Hydrophilic methacrylate gels show similar streaming potential behavior, independent of the water content of the gel. By introduction of positive or negative groups into the hydrophilic methacrylate gels, a range of streaming potential values are obtained having absolute positive or negative signs

On bare masses in time-symmetric initial-value solutions for two black holes

The Brill-Lindquist time-symmetric initial-value solution for two uncharged black holes is rederived using the Hamiltonian constraint equation with Dirac delta distributions as a source for the binary black-hole field. The bare masses of the Brill-Lindquist black holes are introduced in a way which is applied, after straightforward modification, to the Misner-Linquist binary black-hole solution.Comment: LaTeX, 4 page

Model for erosion-deposition patterns

We investigate through computational simulations with a pore network model the formation of patterns caused by erosion-deposition mechanisms. In this model, the geometry of the pore space changes dynamically as a consequence of the coupling between the fluid flow and the movement of particles due to local drag forces. Our results for this irreversible process show that the model is capable to reproduce typical natural patterns caused by well known erosion processes. Moreover, we observe that, within a certain range of porosity values, the grains form clusters that are tilted with respect to the horizontal with a characteristic angle. We compare our results to recent experiments for granular material in flowing water and show that they present a satisfactory agreement.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Non-nequilibrium model on Apollonian networks

We investigate the Majority-Vote Model with two states ($-1,+1$) and a noise $q$ on Apollonian networks. The main result found here is the presence of the phase transition as a function of the noise parameter $q$. We also studies de effect of redirecting a fraction $p$ of the links of the network. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we obtained the exponent ratio $\gamma/\nu$, $\beta/\nu$, and $1/\nu$ for several values of rewiring probability $p$. The critical noise was determined $q_{c}$ and $U^{*}$ also was calculated. The effective dimensionality of the system was observed to be independent on $p$, and the value $D_{eff} \approx1.0$ is observed for these networks. Previous results on the Ising model in Apollonian Networks have reported no presence of a phase transition. Therefore, the results present here demonstrate that the Majority-Vote Model belongs to a different universality class as the equilibrium Ising Model on Apollonian Network.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Memory effects on the statistics of fragmentation

We investigate through extensive molecular dynamics simulations the fragmentation process of two-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems. After thermalization, the fragmentation is initiated by a sudden increment to the radial component of the particles' velocities. We study the effect of temperature of the thermalized system as well as the influence of the impact energy of the ``explosion'' event on the statistics of mass fragments. Our results indicate that the cumulative distribution of fragments follows the scaling ansatz $F(m)\propto m^{-\alpha}\exp{[-(m/m_0)^\gamma]}$, where $m$ is the mass, $m_0$ and $\gamma$ are cutoff parameters, and $\alpha$ is a scaling exponent that is dependent on the temperature. More precisely, we show clear evidence that there is a characteristic scaling exponent $\alpha$ for each macroscopic phase of the thermalized system, i.e., that the non-universal behavior of the fragmentation process is dictated by the state of the system before it breaks down.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure

Rain, power laws, and advection

Localized rain events have been found to follow power-law size and duration distributions over several decades, suggesting parallels between precipitation and seismic activity [O. Peters et al., PRL 88, 018701 (2002)]. Similar power laws are generated by treating rain as a passive tracer undergoing advection in a velocity field generated by a two-dimensional system of point vortices.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Estimativa dos valores de saldo de radiação e fluxo de calor no solo em diferentes condições antrópicas na bacia do rio Ji-Paraná, Rondônia.

Use change and land cover has significant influence on energy flows. Thus, this study aimed to compare the net radiation and soil heat flux on two dates, 19/07/1984 and 25/06/2010 from a locality of river basin Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. To develop the study, an algorithm Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) allowing the estimation of energy flows according to the cover. The model was applied in the study area in a sequence of steps, where the outcome of interest was the net radiation at the surface and the flow of heat in the soil. The results show that on average the net radiation was greater in the scene where the predominant areas of forest, 19/07/1984, since the albedo of the vegetation is lower than in surface of bare ground or with less dense vegetation as observed in the scene 25/06/2010. The values of soil heat flux are larger at the scene of 25/06/2010 and occupy a larger surface due to human action. This shows that the replacement of forest for agriculture, grazing and urbanization are causing decrease the net radiation and increase the flow of heat in the soil, thereby increasing the emission of long wave radiation that affect the surface temperature, air temperature and the hydrological cycle