Government accounting in the Global South: the design, implementation and use of global solutions for local needs

This chapter examines the impact of globalized accounting and economic reforms on the public sectors of the Global South, focusing particularly on the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over the last three decades, people living in these countries have experienced debt crises, civil wars, coups and, on top of all that, externally imposed neoliberal economic reforms. Accounting has been an integral part of those imposed 'reforms'

Obstacles to measuring global output gaps

Monetary policymakers pay close attention to levels of resource use. In the past, the focus was largely on domestic slack. Now, some analysts contend the ongoing process of globalization requires policymakers to look at global slack as well.

Sierra Club v. Public Service Company of Colorado: Judicial Amendment or towards Continuous Emission Compliance; Expanding the Scope of Citizen Suits and the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act

In Sierra Club v. Public Service Company of Colorado, the United States District Court for the district of Colorado granted plaintiffs summary judgment motion, in part, finding emissions violations in excess of 19,000 times within a five year period. The court held that in a citizen action under the Clean Air Act (CAA), violations of opacity standards may be established through data and reports from a facility\u27s Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS). This holds true despite the fact that it is neither the applicable test method under the Environmental Protection Agency\u27s (EPA) regulations nor is it provided for in the CAA State Implementation Plan (SIP) provisions. Prior to 1990, emission violations could only be demonstrated through the applicable standards set forth in the EPA\u27s regulations or SIPs. However, with the recently enacted 1990 Amendments, the Colorado court reasoned that the CAA allows any evidence of a violation or compliance to be considered under the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), including, but not limited to, bypass and control equipment malfunctions and expert testimony, regardless of whether it is an applicable test method under the EPA\u27s regulations. This case note discusses whether the court\u27s ruling constituted a judicial amendment or a rational analysis of the applicable statutory and regulatory scheme. Part II provides a background of the CAA, air pollution standards, and state compliance. Part ill analyzes whether the defendants are likely to succeed on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals, the impact of its decision upon industry, and how citizen groups are likely to gain power from this decision. Part IV concludes that the EPA should adopt the proposed rules requiring CEMS or similar systems to be installed in all utility plants to measure emissions violations on a continuous basis. These proposed rules clarify the requirements necessary to meet Congressional intent in passing the 1990 amendments. The rule will provide citizen groups with easy access to information for monitoring purposes and will ensure greater compliance with emission standards

Static and unsteady pressure measurements on a 50 degree clipped delta wing at M = 0.9

Pressures were measured with Freon as the test medium. Data taken at M = 0.9 is presented for static and oscillatory deflections of the trailing edge control surface and for the wing in pitch. Comparisons of the static measured data are made with results computed using the Bailey-Ballhaus small disturbance code

Calculation of transonic steady and oscillatory pressures on a low aspect ratio model and comparison with experiment

Pressure data measured by the British Royal Aircraft Establishment for the AGARD SMP tailplane are compared with results calculated using the transonic small perturbation code XTRAN3S. A brief description of the analysis is given and a recently developed finite difference grid is described. Results are presented for five steady and nine harmonically oscillating cases near zero angle of attack and for a range of subsonic and transonic Mach numbers

Dielectric relaxation of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate: microwave and far-IR properties

Dielectric relaxation of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMI+ETS–), is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The collective dynamics of polarization arising from cations and anions are examined. Characteristics of the rovibrational and translational components of polarization dynamics are analyzed to understand their respective roles in the microwave and terahertz regions of dielectric relaxation. The MD results are compared with the experimental low-frequency spectrum of EMI+ETS–, obtained via ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) measurements

An SMP Soft Classification Algorithm for Remote Sensing

This work introduces a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) version of the continuous iterative guided spectral class rejection (CIGSCR) algorithm, a semiautomated classification algorithm for remote sensing (multispectral) images. The algorithm uses soft data clusters to produce a soft classification containing inherently more information than a comparable hard classification at an increased computational cost. Previous work suggests that similar algorithms achieve good parallel scalability, motivating the parallel algorithm development work here. Experimental results of applying parallel CIGSCR to an image with approximately 10^8 pixels and six bands demonstrate superlinear speedup. A soft two class classification is generated in just over four minutes using 32 processors

Extended brief intervention to address alcohol misuse in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities living in the community (EBI-ID): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

There is some evidence that people with intellectual disabilities who live in the community are exposed to the same risks of alcohol use as the rest of the population. Various interventions have been evaluated in the general population to tackle hazardous or harmful drinking and alcohol dependence, but the literature evaluating interventions is very limited regarding intellectual disabilities. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommends that brief and extended brief interventions be used to help young persons and adults who have screened as positive for hazardous and harmful drinking. The objective of this trial is to investigate the feasibility of adapting and delivering an extended brief intervention (EBI) to persons with mild/moderate intellectual disability who live in the community and whose level of drinking is harmful or hazardous