Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. In this paper target tracking using dynamic clustering technique has been presented. The dynamic clustering mechanism proposed performs the clustering along the route of the target movement with minimum numbers of sensor nodes to track the target object. The sensors detecting the object need to transmit the sensing data and identification. Sensors forming clusters are termed as core sensors. Within each cluster, the core sensors are selected based on the estimated signal strength since the nodes closer to the targets having larger measurements have a higher probability of becoming core sensors. The core sensors are used to compute the location of a target based on the locations of the neighbouring nodes. These core sensors send this information to the corresponding Cluster Head (CH), using which the target localization is processed. The position of moving object is detected by object moving algorithm. The location is sent to sink from CH node. Target tracking is used in traffic tracking and vehicle tracking. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16047

Pathway Distiller - multisource biological pathway consolidation

BACKGROUND: One method to understand and evaluate an experiment that produces a large set of genes, such as a gene expression microarray analysis, is to identify overrepresentation or enrichment for biological pathways. Because pathways are able to functionally describe the set of genes, much effort has been made to collect curated biological pathways into publicly accessible databases. When combining disparate databases, highly related or redundant pathways exist, making their consolidation into pathway concepts essential. This will facilitate unbiased, comprehensive yet streamlined analysis of experiments that result in large gene sets. METHODS: After gene set enrichment finds representative pathways for large gene sets, pathways are consolidated into representative pathway concepts. Three complementary, but different methods of pathway consolidation are explored. Enrichment Consolidation combines the set of the pathways enriched for the signature gene list through iterative combining of enriched pathways with other pathways with similar signature gene sets; Weighted Consolidation utilizes a Protein-Protein Interaction network based gene-weighting approach that finds clusters of both enriched and non-enriched pathways limited to the experiments\u27 resultant gene list; and finally the de novo Consolidation method uses several measurements of pathway similarity, that finds static pathway clusters independent of any given experiment. RESULTS: We demonstrate that the three consolidation methods provide unified yet different functional insights of a resultant gene set derived from a genome-wide profiling experiment. Results from the methods are presented, demonstrating their applications in biological studies and comparing with a pathway web-based framework that also combines several pathway databases. Additionally a web-based consolidation framework that encompasses all three methods discussed in this paper, Pathway Distiller (http://cbbiweb.uthscsa.edu/PathwayDistiller), is established to allow researchers access to the methods and example microarray data described in this manuscript, and the ability to analyze their own gene list by using our unique consolidation methods. CONCLUSIONS: By combining several pathway systems, implementing different, but complementary pathway consolidation methods, and providing a user-friendly web-accessible tool, we have enabled users the ability to extract functional explanations of their genome wide experiments

Pathway Distiller - multisource biological pathway consolidation

BACKGROUND: One method to understand and evaluate an experiment that produces a large set of genes, such as a gene expression microarray analysis, is to identify overrepresentation or enrichment for biological pathways. Because pathways are able to functionally describe the set of genes, much effort has been made to collect curated biological pathways into publicly accessible databases. When combining disparate databases, highly related or redundant pathways exist, making their consolidation into pathway concepts essential. This will facilitate unbiased, comprehensive yet streamlined analysis of experiments that result in large gene sets. METHODS: After gene set enrichment finds representative pathways for large gene sets, pathways are consolidated into representative pathway concepts. Three complementary, but different methods of pathway consolidation are explored. Enrichment Consolidation combines the set of the pathways enriched for the signature gene list through iterative combining of enriched pathways with other pathways with similar signature gene sets; Weighted Consolidation utilizes a Protein-Protein Interaction network based gene-weighting approach that finds clusters of both enriched and non-enriched pathways limited to the experiments\u27 resultant gene list; and finally the de novo Consolidation method uses several measurements of pathway similarity, that finds static pathway clusters independent of any given experiment. RESULTS: We demonstrate that the three consolidation methods provide unified yet different functional insights of a resultant gene set derived from a genome-wide profiling experiment. Results from the methods are presented, demonstrating their applications in biological studies and comparing with a pathway web-based framework that also combines several pathway databases. Additionally a web-based consolidation framework that encompasses all three methods discussed in this paper, Pathway Distiller (http://cbbiweb.uthscsa.edu/PathwayDistiller), is established to allow researchers access to the methods and example microarray data described in this manuscript, and the ability to analyze their own gene list by using our unique consolidation methods. CONCLUSIONS: By combining several pathway systems, implementing different, but complementary pathway consolidation methods, and providing a user-friendly web-accessible tool, we have enabled users the ability to extract functional explanations of their genome wide experiments

Before It Gets Started: Regulating Translation at the 5′ UTR

Translation regulation plays important roles in both normal physiological conditions and diseases states. This regulation requires cis-regulatory elements located mostly in 5′ and 3′ UTRs and trans-regulatory factors (e.g., RNA binding proteins (RBPs)) which recognize specific RNA features and interact with the translation machinery to modulate its activity. In this paper, we discuss important aspects of 5′ UTR-mediated regulation by providing an overview of the characteristics and the function of the main elements present in this region, like uORF (upstream open reading frame), secondary structures, and RBPs binding motifs and different mechanisms of translation regulation and the impact they have on gene expression and human health when deregulated

Effectiveness of Intrauterine Anaesthesia for Pain Relief during Endometrial Sampling

BACKGROUND: Endometrial sampling is the most commonly performed gynecological procedure for abnormal uterine bleeding. Several studies have explored methods of adequate pain relief during gynaecological procedures. Paracervical block has routinely been used for pain reduction during gynaecological procedures since 1925 but the pain intensity during paracervical block is still considered as moderate only. This can be explained because of the existence of a different sensory nerve supply to the uterine body and cervix. Although innervation of the uterus is mainly confined to the uterine cervix and lower part of the uterus, nerve endings are also present in the endometrium, and failure to block these nerve endings may account for the pain at endometrial biopsy secondary to uterine distension. Transcervical instillation of local anaesthesia into the uterine cavity may reduce pain during the procedure by directly blocking the nerve endings in the endometrium. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine lignocaine as an anaesthetic during endometrial sampling in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. OBJECTIVE: To determine a feasible, cost effective, patient compliant, operator satisfactory, out patient method of giving analgesia while doing endometrial sampling. METHODOLOGY: During the period of January 2018 – December 2018, all women who attend the outpatient department at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. All patients were informed about the study and written consent was obtained. A complete detailed history including patient’s age, parity, menstrual, marital, obstetric, medical and past history noted. General and systemic examination done. Per speculum and bimanual examination done. After giving paracervical block and instilling intrauterine lignocaine, endometrial sample taken. Results were obtained using visual analogue scale at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the procedure. RESULTS: A study is made on 100 premenopausal patients with Abnormal uterine bleeding and tested with the efficacy of intrauterine lignocaine instillation for pain relief while doing endometrial sampling. In our study, patients included for endometrial sampling were in the age group of 35 – 55 years. Diagnosis of leiomyoma and polyp were found to be the most common causes of Abnormal uterine bleeding .Ovulatory causes were found to be rare in this study. Instillation of intrauterine lignocaine did not affect the adequacy of endometrial sample taken.15 minutes after the procedure, 15% of patients had moderate pain and 8% of patients had no pain. 30 minutes after the procedure, more than half of patients did not have pain at all. Only 2 of them had minimal pain.100% of patients were pain free 60 minutes after the procedure. Quality of the report was also not affected with topical lignocaine. Varied reports were obtained of which normal proliferative and secretory phase were dominant. Disorderly proliferative endometrium accounted for nearly 19%. Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN) also called as hyperplasia with atypia were also detected in 2% of patients. CONCLUSION: Thus, based on the results observed in the study, intrauterine lignocaine instillation along with paracervical block provides adequate pain relief during endometrial sampling

Fault Ride Through in Grid Integrated Hybrid System Using FACTS Device and Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Adopting eco-friendly solutions is the need of the hour in order to downscale carbon emissions and the fast depletion of fossil fuels. Hybrid energy systems provide one such optimistic sustainable solution for power generation in a grid integrated system as well as for stand-alone applications. With grid integrated systems, there are many grid codes to be maintained such as voltage stability, frequency deviation and Fault Ride Through Capability (FRT). In a hybrid system, the propensity of the PV/Wind system to remain connected at the moment of short electric fault is identified as FRT. This paper elucidates the voltage compensation using an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station or a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device depending on the intensity of fault that occurs at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in grid integrated hybrid systems. When a fault occurs at the PCC, depending on the intensity of the voltage sag either the EV charging station or a FACTS device, namely a Dynamic Voltage Restore (DVR), provides the voltage compensation. The voltage obtained from an EV charging station or DVR is conditioned using power converters and fed to the PCC to even out the discrepancy in the voltage that is effected due to the fault. Even though charges electric vehicles continuously, the EV charging station gives priority to supply voltage for compensation whenever a fault occurs at the grid. If the intensity of voltage sag due to fault is between 0.9 to 0.51 p.u, the EV charging station provides voltage compensation, and for voltage sag between 0.5 to 0.2 p.u, DVR takes over to provide voltage compensation for the continuous sustainability of the grid. The proposed system makes use of an existing source such as an EV charging station as a supplementary device to provide compensation, and also has a backup supplementary device DVR in case of any non-availability of the EV charging station. Thus, the voltage compensation in turn facilitates the parameters such as DC link voltage and the grid voltage to stay within the pertinent limits in the event of a fault at the grid. The system was simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results were verified

NEURAL NETWORK BASED VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR

Stator current drift compensation of induction motor based on RBF neural network is proposed here. In vector control of induction motor decoupling of speed and rotor flux equations and their simultaneous control are used to achieve the highest efficiency and fast dynamic performance. The highest efficiency is reached when the proper flux is selected and as a result of dynamic decoupling of speed and rotor flux equations, the rotor flux can be modified to achieve the highest efficiency and make the speed be at its desired value. The precise control of these changes can also be done using radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). Once neural network gets trained then it is able to differentiate between normal and fault conditions and therefore acts in accordance to the change that could bring back the system to normal condition. Here, neural network is used to compute the appropriate set of voltage and frequency to achieve the maximum efficiency for any value of operating torque and motor speed

Retraction Note: Endocrine disruptors induce perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives

This paper has been retracted at the request of the authors