Effects of age and gender on dietary habits of people engaged in sports at the age of 40 and older

Objective: to analyze how eating habits depend on age and gender among people aged 40 and over engaged in sports (athletics, participation in 10 km or more road running races).Materials and methods: the information about eating habits was obtained through questionnaires of athletes aged 40 and over, participating in 10 km or more road running races. 1649 questionnaires were analyzed. The analysis was carried out in three age groups: 40–49 years old, 50–59 years old, and 60 years old and over.Results: more than half of men and a third of women do not follow any principles in organizing their diet. The most common habit, regardless of gender, is eating three or more times a day. The largest amount of food is consumed in the middle of the day and in the afternoon. Most of the respondents try to eat at the same time of the day, when there is such an opportunity. Snacking between main meals is a widespread habit, especially among women. Despite the fact that the majority of men and 30 % of women often consume flour products and products containing sugar, they are not overweight.Conclusion: most of the athletes aged 40 and over do not aim to follow a diet or improve nutrition

Current state of the labor system in healthcare

The publication presents an analysis of the modern regulatory framework for labor, shows controversial positions on each component of the labor rationing system in healthcare. The amount of normative time spent on visits to outpatient doctors, established by orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia, in the main medical specialties: doctors-therapists district, pediatricians district and general practitioners (family doctors), does not coincide with the data of the territorial program. Approved more than 20 years ago and currently in force standards for laboratory and instrumental examinations do not correspond to the modern equipment of medical organizations. The numbers of health workers providing primary health care to the population, established by the orders on Procedures and Regulations, for the majority of medical personnel have different meanings in the simultaneously valid regulatory documents for the provision of medical care to both adults and children. The planned and normative volume of work on outpatient care has not been reported since 2013, either in visits or in appeals about diseases. The planned and normative indicators for the amount of hospital care are characterized by sharp annual changes that are not justified either by the morbidity of the population or by the technologies of the medical process, do not correspond to the actual development of the bed stock and are not reflected by healthcare practice. Based on the analysis of time standards, norms of number and planned volume of work, the authors make a reasonable conclusion about serious problems in the system of labor rationing in healthcare. The authors identified the necessary measures for its restoration and revision of the entire labor regulatory framework, which are the need to include labor rationing issues in the program of diploma and postgraduate training of doctors in a healthcare organization; advanced training of developers of staff standards and specialists approving these documents; mandatory expert assessment of documents on labor standards prior to their approval by qualified specialists on labor standardization in health care

Risk factors of adolescent health: mass poll results

Objective. To study the risk factors of noncommunicable disease spread in adolescents based on the mass pole results.Methods. The authors conducted four waves of study within the framework of the monitoring project “Risk factors for human health” in 2014–2017. The study included a multistage stratified territorial random sample of 1,691 patients over 11 years. The research population included 170 adolescents (11–19 years) (10%).Results. An adverse profile of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases was predetermined by: overweight in adolescents (10%), increased blood pressure (18%), unfavorable history of cardiovascular events in close relatives (60–70%), nutritional disorders (80–96%) , low level of physical activity (5%), smoking (20%), and alcohol consumption (26% of respondents). The body weight deficiency (35%) and overweight (10%), along with sufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in only 7% of cases reflects gross malnutrition of adolescents, which determines their future development. Awareness of adolescents of the main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases remains low (less than 30–40% for different factors). The example of close relatives, friends and stressful situations predetermine the emergence of bad habits (consumption of alcohol and tobacco) in adolescents.Scope of application. Pediatrics, public health, epidemiology.Conclusion. In order to correct adverse risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, it is necessary to attract a wide range of specialists, including intensive family and personal psychological consultations with adolescents. These measures will motivate adolescents to a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the population of the Russian Federation