Binary Particle Swarm Optimization based Biclustering of Web usage Data

Web mining is the nontrivial process to discover valid, novel, potentially useful knowledge from web data using the data mining techniques or methods. It may give information that is useful for improving the services offered by web portals and information access and retrieval tools. With the rapid development of biclustering, more researchers have applied the biclustering technique to different fields in recent years. When biclustering approach is applied to the web usage data it automatically captures the hidden browsing patterns from it in the form of biclusters. In this work, swarm intelligent technique is combined with biclustering approach to propose an algorithm called Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based Biclustering for Web Usage Data. The main objective of this algorithm is to retrieve the global optimal bicluster from the web usage data. These biclusters contain relationships between web users and web pages which are useful for the E-Commerce applications like web advertising and marketing. Experiments are conducted on real dataset to prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithms

Economic reforms and growth prospects in India

Starting in June 1991, the Indian government introduced a number of liberalising measures, including significant tariff reduction, abolition of all quantitative restrictions on non-consumer goods, unification of the exchange rates, and adoption of a liberal set of rules for FDI, and introduction of current account convertibility. While the industrial reforms seek to bring about a greater competitive domestic environment, the trade reforms seek to improve international competitiveness. The private sector is allowed in many industries that were earlier exclusively reserved for the public sector. In these areas, the public sector will have to compete with the private sector, even though the public sector may continue to play a dominant role. These reforms are not meant to diminish the role of the state, but to redefine it, expanding it in some areas and reducing it in some others Basically its aim was to have a better mix of ‘market\u27 and ‘State’. Against this background, this paper reviews India\u27s development strategies including recent economic reforms and then discusses economic performance and its outlooks

Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical studies of gold nanoparticles immobilized Nafion matrix modified electrode

Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical behaviours of phenosafranine (PS+) were studied at the gold nanoparticles (AuNps) immobilized Nafion (Nf) film coated glassy carbon (GC) and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the PS+ molecules strongly interact with the AuNps immobilized in the Nf matrix through the electrostatic interaction. The presence of AuNps in the Nf film improved the electrochemical characteristics of the incorporated dye molecules. The emission spectra of Nf-AuNps-PS+ films showed that the incorporated PS+ was quenched by AuNps and it could be explained based on the electronic interaction between the AuNps and PS+ molecules. The in situ spectroelectrochemical study showed an improved electrochemical characteristic of the incorporated PS+ molecules at the ITO/Nf-AuNps electrode when compared to the ITO/Nf electrode

HIV and Cocaine Impact Glial Metabolism: Energy Sensor AMP-activated protein kinase Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Epigenetic Remodeling

HIV infection and cocaine use have been identified as risk factors for triggering neuronal dysfunction. In the central nervous system (CNS), energy resource and metabolic function are regulated by astroglia. Glia is the major reservoir of HIV infection and disease progression in CNS. However, the role of cocaine in accelerating HIV associated energy deficit and its impact on neuronal dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HIV associated neuropathogenesis in cocaine abuse and how it accelerates the energy sensor AMPKs and its subsequent effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), BRSKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau, Wee1 and epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF. Results showed that cocaine exposure during HIV infection significantly increased the level of p24, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP-utilization and upregulated energy sensor AMPKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau and Wee1 protein expression. Increased ROS production subsequently inhibits OCR/ECAR ratio and OXPHOS, and eventually upregulate epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF in CHME-5 cells. These results suggest that HIV infection induced energy deficit and metabolic dysfunction is accelerated by cocaine inducing energy sensor AMPKs, mitochondrial biogenesis and chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF activation, which may lead to neuroAIDS disease progression

Effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on opium poppy downy mildews caused by Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi

Downy mildew of opium poppy is the single biggest disease constraint afflicting the Australian poppy industry. Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. These methods are recommended for seed treatment of commercial opium poppy seed to assist in the control of the downy mildew diseases

Assessment of Land Cover changes on long-term treated industrial effluent irrigation using Remote sensing and GIS techniques

A study was under taken to identify and map the changes in land use and land cover over a period of (1992 to 2017) 25 years in an area irrigating with treated industrial waste water using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Four LANDSAT TM and ETM+ images of 1992, 1999, 2006 and 2017 with a spatial resolution 30mx30m were used to determine the temporal land cover changes. Consequently, ground truth confirmation was done in the study area. Supervised classification was carried out in ArcGIS to identify the LULC classes. The study area was classified into four major classes; Water bodies, Settlements, Vegetation and Fallow lands.  The study revealed that fallow lands was decreased by 99.8%, vegetation was found to be increased by 90.2%  and settlement area was found to increase by 65.7 % over the period of 15 years. Livelihood increased with increased socio-economic status of the people