9 research outputs found
Impact of Transmammary-Delivered Meloxicam on Biomarkers of Pain and Distress in Piglets after Castration and Tail Docking
To investigate a novel route for providing analgesia to processed piglets via transmammary drug delivery, meloxicam was administered orally to sows after farrowing. The objectives of the study were to demonstrate meloxicam transfer from sows to piglets via milk and to describe the analgesic effects in piglets after processing through assessment of pain biomarkers and infrared thermography (IRT). Ten sows received either meloxicam (30 mg/kg) (nâ=â5) or whey protein (placebo) (nâ=â5) in their daily feedings, starting four days after farrowing and continuing for three consecutive days. During this period, blood and milk samples were collected at 12-hour intervals. On Day 5 after farrowing, three boars and three gilts from each litter were castrated or sham castrated, tail docked, and administered an iron injection. Piglet blood samples were collected immediately before processing and at predetermined times over an 84-hour period. IRT images were captured at each piglet blood collection point. Plasma was tested to confirm meloxicam concentrations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Meloxicam was detected in all piglets nursing on medicated sows at each time point, and the mean (± standard error of the mean) meloxicam concentration at castration was 568.9±105.8 ng/mL. Furthermore, ex-vivo prostaglandin E2(PGE2) synthesis inhibition was greater in piglets from treated sows compared to controls (pâ=â0.0059). There was a time-by-treatment interaction for plasma cortisol (pâ=â0.0009), with meloxicam-treated piglets demonstrating lower cortisol concentrations than control piglets for 10 hours after castration. No differences in mean plasma substance P concentrations between treatment groups were observed (pâ=â0.67). Lower cranial skin temperatures on IRT were observed in placebo compared to meloxicam-treated piglets (pâ=â0.015). This study demonstrates the successful transfer of meloxicam from sows to piglets through milk and corresponding analgesia after processing, as evidenced by a decrease in cortisol and PGE2levels and maintenance of cranial skin temperature
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Fantasy sexual material use by people with attractions to children
Purpose of Review: With the internet allowing consumers easy access to fantasy and fictional sexual materials (FSM), it is becoming increasingly important to understand the context of their use among specific populations. Of particular social, clinical, and legal interest is FSM use by people who are attracted to children, and whether this may have a risk-enhancing or protective impact on their likelihood of committing a contact or non-contact sexual offence.
Recent Findings: There is a lack of data currently available in relation to the use of FSM by those with sexual attractions to children. Evidence from allied areas appears to show no meaningful associations between FSM use and sexual aggression.
Summary: We propose a novel research program and some initial research questions that provide a theoretical framework for more evidence-based inquiry on FSM use by people who experience attractions to children
Analgesia and/or anaesthesia during piglet castration â part I: efficacy of farm protocols in pain management
Identifying Linkages among Conceptual Models of Ecosystem Degradation and Restoration: Towards an Integrative Framework
Effectiveness of Psychoanalytic-Interactional Group Therapy vs. Behavioral Group Therapy in Routine Outpatient Treatment of Alcohol-Dependent Patients
Impact of Transmammary-Delivered Meloxicam on Biomarkers of Pain and Distress in Piglets after Castration and Tail Docking
Tableâbased formal specification approaches for control engineersâempirical studies of usability
Paraphilia and Paraphilic Disorders
Paraphilias are conditions characterized by atypical sexual interests, with hundreds of forms arising from any type of human experience, affecting individuals of all kinds of orientations and even different gender identities. Current psychiatric diagnostic classifications do not consider the presence of paraphilia as a pathological condition unless these atypical sexual thinking, desires, and conducts generate subjective distress, compromise individualâs sexual functioning, and increase the risk of the personal damage or the risk of damage to others. Against this background, this chapter presents the current clinical description and psychiatric diagnostic approach to paraphilic disorders, their epidemiology, and etiopathophysiological factors as well as treatment strategies of one of the most misunderstood groups of psychiatric disorders