Optimization rate of urea fertilizer for one-year-old pepper (Piper nigrum L.) parent plant

Optimum maintenance is required to get a high-quality parent plant. One of themaintenances is fertilization to ensure the optimal growth of the pepper parent plant. This studyaimed to obtain the optimum rate of urea fertilizer for a one-year-old of the pepper parentplant. The field experiment used a single factor in a randomized block design (RBD) with fiveurea rate levels, and each treatment was repeated three times. Treatment levels of urea rate,namely 0 g plant-1 year-1, 100 g plant-1 year-1, 200 g plant-1 year-1, 300 g plant-1 year-1 and400 g plant-1 year-1. The rate of urea influenced the number of internodes and leaf area of thepepper parent plant. The rate of 315 g plant-1 year-1 urea is the optimum rate for the growth ofthe number of the branch of a one-year-old pepper parent plant

Pengaruh Mulsa Organik dan Volume Air Siraman pada Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah di Pembibitan Utama Kelapa Sawit

The availability of water is one of the common factors affecting growth of oil palm seedlings, especially in the main nursery. Palm oil seedlings in the main nursery require about 2,000  ml of water.day-1.plant -1 . Water loss occurs through transpiration and evaporation. This study aims to obtain the best type of organic mulch in several soil chemical properties,  compare the effect of the volume of water on several soil chemical properties, and get the interaction between the types of organic mulch and the volume of water in several soil chemical properties. The study was arranged in a factorial pattern randomized block design  with three replications. The first factor is the type of organic mulch, ie without mulch (M0),  rice straw mulch (M1), rice husk mulch (M2), and oil palm empty fruit bunches (M4). The second factor is watering volume which consists of two levels, namely 1,000 ml.day -1 .plant -1  (V1) and 2,000 ml.day -1 .plant -1 (V2). Sample plants consist of three plants. Observations were  made on C-organic level, total N-content, P-available level, K level, and soil pH. The results  of the observation were tested by analysis of variance and continued with LSD at 95%  confidence interval. The results showed that there was no interaction between the  application of organic mulch and watering volume. The types of organic mulch of oil palm  empty fruit bunches produce the highest soil pH and organic C-level. The watering volume  1,000 ml.day -1 .plant -1 and 2,000 ml.day -1 .plant -1 has no effect on the soil chemical properties  observed. Keywords: soil properties, subsoil, water efficiency, water los

Right ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with pulmonary hypertension is associated with disease severity and functional class

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in right ventricular function are known to occur in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis that chronic elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure delays mechanical activation of the right ventricle, termed dyssynchrony, and is associated with both symptoms and right ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (mean age 46 ± 15 years, 24 patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension) were prospectively evaluated using several echocardiographic parameters to assess right ventricular size and function. In addition, tissue Doppler imaging was also obtained to assess longitudinal strain of the right ventricular wall, interventricular septum, and lateral wall of the left ventricle and examined with regards to right ventricular size and function as well as clinical variables. RESULTS: In this study, patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension had statistically different right ventricular fractional area change (35 ± 13 percent), right ventricular end-systolic area (21 ± 10 cm(2)), right ventricular Myocardial Performance Index (0.72 ± 0.34), and Eccentricity Index (1.34 ± 0.37) than individuals without pulmonary hypertension (51 ± 5 percent, 9 ± 2 cm(2), 0.27 ± 0.09, and 0.97 ± 0.06, p < 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, peak longitudinal right ventricular wall strain in chronic pulmonary hypertension was also different -20.8 ± 9.0 percent versus -28.0 ± 4.1 percent, p < 0.01). Right ventricular dyssynchrony correlated very well with right ventricular end-systolic area (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and Eccentricity Index (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). Furthermore, right ventricular dyssynchrony correlates with pulmonary hypertension severity index (p < 0.0001), World Health Organization class (p < 0.0001), and number of hospitalizations (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Lower peak longitudinal right ventricular wall strain and significantly delayed time-to-peak strain values, consistent with right ventricular dyssynchrony, were found in a small heterogeneous group of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension when compared to individuals without pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, right ventricular dyssynchrony was associated with disease severity and compromised functional class

Optimization rate of urea fertilizer for one-year-old pepper (Piper nigrum L.) parent plant

Optimum maintenance is required to get a high-quality parent plant. One of themaintenances is fertilization to ensure the optimal growth of the pepper parent plant. This studyaimed to obtain the optimum rate of urea fertilizer for a one-year-old of the pepper parentplant. The field experiment used a single factor in a randomized block design (RBD) with fiveurea rate levels, and each treatment was repeated three times. Treatment levels of urea rate,namely 0 g plant-1 year-1, 100 g plant-1 year-1, 200 g plant-1 year-1, 300 g plant-1 year-1 and400 g plant-1 year-1. The rate of urea influenced the number of internodes and leaf area of thepepper parent plant. The rate of 315 g plant-1 year-1 urea is the optimum rate for the growth ofthe number of the branch of a one-year-old pepper parent plant

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 316 on Calpain Gene in Aceh Cattle

Genetic polymorphisms of μ-calpain, a calcium-dependent protease specifically expressed in muscle and related to meat tenderness, have been investigated in cattle worldwide, but not well documented in Indonesian beef cattle. This study was done to evaluate the frequency of SNP 316 in the μ-calpain gene in Aceh cattle, a local Indonesian beef cattle plays important role in the fulfillment of red meat for peoples in Aceh and its neighboring areas. For this purpose, genomic DNA was isolated from 29 sirloin meats samples collected from cull, female aceh cattle slaughtered at the Slaughter House of Banda Aceh. The cattle were purposively selected based on physical characteristics and hair colors referred to Indonesian law. For the SNP genotyping, PCR-RFLP methods were set up. The results showed all three genotypes namely CC, CG, and GG were found in Aceh cattle. The allele and genotype frequencies of SNP CAPN316 in the CAPN gene were: C – 0.14 and G – 0.86; CC – 3.4%, CG – 20.7% and GG – 75.9%. The observed and expected frequencies of CAPN SNP 316 in the cattle population examined were GG 22.0 and 21.6, CG 6.0 and 6.9, and CC 1.0 and 0.6

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Coffee Grounds Extracts against Fish Pathogenic

Fish diseases caused bypathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the obstacles for fish farming because it can cause death and loss for farmers. A. hydrophila was reported to possess resistance to several antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to seek an alternative source of natural antimicrobials. This in vitro study aimed to examinethe effect of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds as an antimicrobial to A. hydrophila which infects carp (Cyprinus carpio). The coffee grounds were collected from four traditional coffee shops in Banda Aceh, and a total of 500 g coffee grounds were extracted using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial assay of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds was performed by the agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates. The result showed that all coffee ground extracts at concentration of 10%, 50%, and 100% were able to inhibit A. hydrophila bacteria with the highest inhibition zone of 10.96 mm posses a strong inhibition, while negative control does not indicate the existence of clear zone. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of coffee ground extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of utilizing them as a drugs for treatment of fish pathogenic caused by A. hydrophila