Evolution of Image Receptors in Dental Radiology

The quality of a radiograph depicted by geometric and visual characteristics, in turn also depends on the quality of image receptors. Image receptors in dentistry have seen an enormous evolution trend from conventional x-ray films to the current generation of digital image receptors. The development of cost-effective image receptors is established in various types of imaging procedures. The current article provides an insight into the image receptors used in dental radiology.&nbsp

van der Woude syndrome- a syndromic form of orofacial clefting

van der Woude Syndrome is the most common form of syndromic orofacial clefting, accounting for 2% of all cases, and has the phenotype that most closely resembles the more common non-syndromic forms. The syndrome has an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern with variable expressivity and a high degree of penetrance with cardinal clinical features of lip pits with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both. This case report describes van der Woude syndrome in a 19 year old male patient with a specifi c reference to the various aspects of this condition, as clinical appearance, etiological factors (genetic aspects), differential diagnosis, investigative procedures and management

A Study on Fish Classification Techniques using Convolutional Neural Networks on Highly Challenged Underwater Images

Underwater Fish Species Recognition (UFSR) has attained significance because of evolving research in underwater life. Manual techniques to distinguish fish can be tricky and tedious. They might require enormous inspecting endeavours, but they can be costly. It results in limited data and a lack of human resources, which may cause incorrect object identification. Automating the fish species detection and recognition utilizing technology would assist sea life science to evolve further. UFSR in wild natural habitats is difficult because the images open natural habitat, complex background, and low luminance. Species Visualization can assist us with deep knowledge of the movements of the species underwater. Automation systems can help to classify the fish accurately and consistently. Image classification has been emerging research with the advancement of deep learning systems. The reason is that the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) don't require explicit feature extraction methods. The vast majority of the current object detection and recognition mechanisms are based on images in the outdoor environment. This paper mainly reviews the strategies proposed in the past years for underwater fish detection and classification. Further, the paper also presents the classification of three different underwater datasets using CNN with evaluation metrics

Prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of elongated styloid process in south india

Objective: Very few studies have been reported in the literature classifying the elongation and calcification patterns of styloid process. The present study was done to investigate the prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of styloid process in patients attending a dental institution in south India. Study design: 600 digital panoramic radiographs of patients with dental problems were obtained from the outpatient department of the Dental institution. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured by a single experienced oral radiologist, with the help of the measuring tools on the accompanying software. The type of elongation and calcification patterns of each elongated styloid process was classified as per Langlai's classification with few modifications. Finally the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 520 measurable styloid processes (260 panoramic radiographs), 154 styloid processes had length greater than 3cm. The mean average length of elongated styloid process was 3.67±0.62 cm. No significant association was obtained between age and length of styloid process. In present study, the type of elongation pattern has no effect on the calcification pattern. Our results suggested that Type I elongated styloid processes were most likely to be completely calcified (type D), but statistically not significant. Conclusion: Type I pattern of elongation was found to be more prevalent in elder age group and was completely calcified in most of the cases. Interestingly, only three patients (out of 260) showed symptomatic elongation of styloid process. A relatively high prevalence of type IV elongation pattern (9 /154) was obtained in the present study, when compared to type III styloid process. Further large scale imaging studies are required to evaluate the presence of type IV elongation pattern in various population groups

Various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions

Background: To study the various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions among the patients attending Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 450 patients who were divided into three groups based upon type of tobacco use, as Group-1 Reverse smoking, Group-2 Conventional smoking, Group-3 Smokeless tobacco group and each group consists of 150 subjects. Results: Reverse smoking was observed to be more prevalent among old females with smoker’s palate and carcinomatous lesions being the most common. Conventional smoking was observed more in male patients with maximum occurrence of leukoplakia and tobacco associated melanosis. Smokeless tobacco habit was predominantly seen in younger males. Habit specific lesions like tobacco pouch keratosis, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Quid induced lichenoid reaction were noticed in smokeless tobacco habit group except for erythroplakia which was noticed only in conventional smoking group and it was not significant statistically . Conclusions: In the present study it was found that the usage of reverse smoking habit was most commonly seen in females and this habit is practiced in and surrounding areas of Bhimavaram with more occurrence of carcinoma compared to conventional smoking and smokeless tobacco

Oral hygiene practices and habits among dental students and staff in a dental college, India.

Introduction: Oral health is an essential component of general health in one's life. Oral self practices are very effective in keeping up one's good oral health from an individual's point of view. Such hygienic conditions prevent many oral diseases from happening or control them from damaging oral health adversely. Aim: To investigate the oral hygiene practices and habits among dental students and staff in a dental college. Materials and methods:  A survey with the aid of specially designed questionnaire was made anonymously, in order to assess the oral health behaviour among these people. Results: A number of 425 dental students as well as faculty members was investigated. Only 34.9% of students and faculty members are following oral self health habits strictly.    It was also observed that the staff members were very much concerned about oral hygiene rather than students were. Conclusion: The results show that dental students need a lot of awareness in their oral self hygiene.  Awareness programmes  must be conducted frequently to boost up the oral self hygiene practices among them for many good reasons

Kloniranje, ekspresija i karakterizacija paraflagelarnog gena Rod 2 bičaša Trypanosoma evansi

Paraflagellar rod is the major structural component of the trypanosomatid flagellum and is identified as a complex lattice of filaments which runs parallel to the axoneme throughout most of the flagellar length. The present study was carried out to investigate the existence of the paraflagellar rod (PFR 2) gene in Trypanosoma evansi infecting Indian cattle. Local isolates of T. evansi collected from naturally infected cow were multiplied in Wistar rats. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from the RNA of host cell free T. evansi parasites by reverse transcription. The gel purified PCR product (PFR 2 gene of T. evansi) was cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector system. The nucleotide sequence of the PFR 2 gene of the T. evansi S.V.V.U. isolate (Accession No. KT277497) obtained in the present study revealed 100% homology with T. evansi China isolate and 99% homology with T. evansi Izatnagar and Bikaner isolates. The recombinant protein was sub-cloned into pET 32a and expressed in the BL21 (DE3) pLysS expression system. The PFR 2 gene of T. evansi S.V.V.U. isolate was further characterized by determination of its protein profile with SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Indirect ELISA was optimized for detection of the specific antibody titre against the recombinant protein of the PFR 2 gene of T. evansi. In the kinetoplastid species the PFR 2 gene is highly conserved. Therefore the PFR 2 gene was suggested as a vaccine candidate, as well as a diagnostic antigen.Paraflagelarni štapić glavna je strukturna komponenta tripanosomskog biča i dio je kompleksa filamenaza koji teku paralelno s aksonemom duž biča. Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se ispitalo postojanje paraflagelarnog gena Rod 2 (PFR2) u bičaša Trypanosoma evansi koji invadira goveda u Indiji. Lokalni izolat T. evansi prikupljen od prirodno invadiranih krava umnožen je u Wistar štakora. Komplementarna DNA (cDNA) sintetizirana je iz RNA obrnutom transkripcijom iz stanica neinvadiranih nositelja T. evansi parazita. Pročišćeni PCR produkt (gen PFR2 bičaša T. evansi) kloniran je u vektorski sustav pTZ57R/T. Nukleotidna sekvencija gena PFR2 bičaša T. evansi, izolat S.V.V.U. (pristupni broj KT277497) dobivena u ovom istraživanju pokazala je 100 %-tnu sličnost s izolatom T. evansi China i 99 %-tnu s izolatom T. evansi Izatnagar i Bikaner. Rekombinantni protein ponovno je kloniran u sustavu pET 32a i prikazan u sustavu BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Gen PFR2 bičaša T. evansi, izolat S.V.V.U. dalje je karakteriziran određivanjem proteinskog profila metodama SDS-PAGE i Western blotting. Indirektni test ELISA optimiziran je za dokaz titra specifičnih protutijela za rekombinantni protein gena PFR2 bičaša T. evansi. U kinetoplastida gen PFR2 izrazito je očuvan. Stoga bi se gen PFR2 mogao upotrijebiti za cjepivo te kao dijagnostički antigen

Thermal and Fragility Studies on Microwave Synthesized K2O-B2O3-V2O5 Glasses

Glasses with composition xK(2)O-60B(2)O(3)-(40-x) V2O5 (15 <= x <= 39 mol %) was prepared by an energy efficient microwave method. The heat capacity change (Delta C-p) at glass transition (T-g), width of glass transition (Delta T-g), heat capacities in the glassy (C-pg) and liquid (C-pl) state for the investigated glasses were extracted from Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) thermograms. The width of glass transition is less than 30 degrees C, indicating that these glasses belongs to fragile category. Fragility functions NBO]/((VmTg)-T-3) and (Delta C-p/C-pl)increases with increasing modifier oxide concentration. Increase in fragility is attributed to the increasing coordination of boron. Further, addition of K2O creates NBOs and the flow mechanism involves bond switching between BOs and NBOs. Physical properties exhibit compositional dependence and these properties increase with increasing K2O concentration. The observed variations are qualitatively analyzed

Therapeutic ultrasound - The healing sound and its applications in oral diseases: The review of literature

The application of medical ultrasound was mainly centered on the soft tissue diagnostic imaging until now. Recently, its use has been widened and adopted for various therapeutic purposes. It has been reported to facilitate the healing of bone fractures, wounds, apthous ulcers and temporomandibular disorders. In addition, ultrasound has also been shown to facilitate delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumors, promote gene therapy to targeted tissues, and deliver thrombolytic drugs into blood clots. This article reviews the principles and current status of ultrasound-based treatments

Elastic properties of Na(2)O-B(2)O(3)-V(2)O(5) glasses

This paper describes the sound velocity and the elastic properties of Na(2)O-B(2)O(3)-V(2)O(5) glasses over a wide range of composition. Sound velocities (transverse and longitudinal) have been measured using a pulse echo superposition method at a frequency of 10 MHz. The elastic moduli (L, G, K and E), Poisson's ratio (sigma) and Debye temperature (theta(D)) exhibit composition dependent trends. The variation of these parameters has been explained using a structural motifs present and the dimensionality of the glass network. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved