Phylogenetic analysis of Turkey astroviruses reveals evidence of recombination.

Sequence data was obtained from the capsid (ORF-2) and the polymerase (ORF-lb) genes of 23 turkey astrovirus (TAstV) isolates collected from commercial turkey flocks around the United States between 2003 and 2004. A high level of genetic variation was observed among the isolates, particularly in the capsid gene, where nucleotide sequence identity among them was as low as 69%. Isolates collected on the same farm, on the same day, but from different houses could have as little as 72% identity between their capsid gene sequences when compared. Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid gene revealed no clear assortment by geographic region or isolation date. The polymerase gene was more conserved with between 86 and 99% nucleotide identity and did assort in a geographic manner. Based on differing topologies of the capsid and polymerase gene phylogenetic trees, TAstV appears to undergo recombination

Alien Registration- Spackman, Newton R. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/26583/thumbnail.jp

Formal nursing terminology systems: a means to an end

In response to the need to support diverse and complex information requirements, nursing has developed a number of different terminology systems. The two main kinds of systems that have emerged are enumerative systems and combinatorial systems, although some systems have characteristics of both approaches. Differences in the structure and content of terminology systems, while useful at a local level, prevent effective wider communication, information sharing, integration of record systems, and comparison of nursing elements of healthcare information at a more global level. Formal nursing terminology systems present an alternative approach. This paper describes a number of recent initiatives and explains how these emerging approaches may help to augment existing nursing terminology systems and overcome their limitations through mediation. The development of formal nursing terminology systems is not an end in itself and there remains a great deal of work to be done before success can be claimed. This paper presents an overview of the key issues outstanding and provides recommendations for a way forward

Natural heritage survey for plant species of special concern on Bureau of Land Management lands, Jackson County, Colorado

Prepared for: Bureau of Land Management, Kremmling Resource Area; by Julie Burt ... [et al.].Includes bibliographical references.May 1996

Validation of the Harvard Lyman-α in situ water vapor instrument: Implications for the mechanisms that control stratospheric water vapor

Building on previously published details of the laboratory calibrations of the Harvard Lyman-α photofragment fluorescence hygrometer (HWV) on the NASA ER-2 and WB-57 aircraft, we describe here the validation process for HWV, which includes laboratory calibrations and intercomparisons with other Harvard water vapor instruments at water vapor mixing ratios from 0 to 10 ppmv, followed by in-flight intercomparisons with the same Harvard hygrometers. The observed agreement exhibited in the laboratory and during intercomparisons helps corroborate the accuracy of HWV. In light of the validated accuracy of HWV, we present and evaluate a series of intercomparisons with satellite and balloon borne water vapor instruments made from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere in the tropics and midlatitudes. Whether on the NASA ER-2 or WB-57 aircraft, HWV has consistently measured about 1–1.5 ppmv higher than the balloon-borne NOAA/ESRL/GMD frost point hygrometer (CMDL), the NOAA Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer (CFH), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite in regions of the atmosphere where water vapor is <10 ppmv. Comparisons in the tropics with the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite show large variable differences near the tropopause that converge to ~10% above 460 K, with HWV higher. Results we show from the Aqua Validation and Intercomparison Experiment (AquaVIT) at the AIDA chamber in Karlsruhe do not reflect the observed in-flight differences. We illustrate that the interpretation of the results of comparisons between modeled and measured representations of the seasonal cycle of water entering the lower tropical stratosphere is dictated by which data set is used

Estimating the CCSD basis-set limit energy from small basis sets: basis-set extrapolations vs additivity schemes

Coupled cluster calculations with all single and double excitations (CCSD) converge exceedingly slowly with the size of the one-particle basis set. We assess the performance of a number of approaches for obtaining CCSD correlation energies close to the complete basis-set limit in conjunction with relatively small DZ and TZ basis sets. These include global and system-dependent extrapolations based on the A + B/Lα two-point extrapolation formula, and the well-known additivity approach that uses an MP2-based basis-set-correction term. We show that the basis set convergence rate can change dramatically between different systems(e.g.it is slower for molecules with polar bonds and/or second-row elements). The system-dependent basis-set extrapolation scheme, in which unique basis-set extrapolation exponents for each system are obtained from lower-cost MP2 calculations, significantly accelerates the basis-set convergence relative to the global extrapolations. Nevertheless, we find that the simple MP2-based basis-set additivity scheme outperforms the extrapolation approaches. For example, the following root-mean-squared deviations are obtained for the 140 basis-set limit CCSD atomization energies in the W4-11 database: 9.1 (global extrapolation), 3.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.4 (additivity scheme) kJ mol–1. The CCSD energy in these approximations is obtained from basis sets of up to TZ quality and the latter two approaches require additional MP2 calculations with basis sets of up to QZ quality. We also assess the performance of the basis-set extrapolations and additivity schemes for a set of 20 basis-set limit CCSD atomization energies of larger molecules including amino acids, DNA/RNA bases, aromatic compounds, and platonic hydrocarbon cages. We obtain the following RMSDs for the above methods: 10.2 (global extrapolation), 5.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.9 (additivity scheme) kJ mol–1

Summit County conservation inventory: volume I, a natural heritage assessment, 1997 final report

Prepared for: Summit County Open Space and Trails Dept., Summit County Planning Dept.December 1997.Includes bibliographical references

Polyacrylamide for coliform bacteria removal from agricultural wastewater

Pollution of surface flow and groundwater from animal waste application to soils has been well documented. Polyacrylamide (PAM) has reduced total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) bacteria in animal waste water flowing in irrigation furrows. We measured efficacy of PAM dissolved in water and as a "patch" application to soil to remove total and fecal coliforms from: .3.) water flowing over dairy waste in furrow-irrigated, ungrazed forage production systems; 2) soil water after it flowed through i m of soil; and 3) influence of PAM on survival of total and fecal coliforms in surface flow, soil, and soil water. Total coliforms in surface flow did not differ when waste was applied to soil, regardless of PAM treatment or days since waste was applied. Total coliforms in surface flow decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste regardless of PAM treatment. Fecal coliforms in surface flow decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste application and one hundredfold over the 28 days after waste application regardless of PAM treatment. Total coliforms in soil decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste was applied, one hundredfold over the 28 days after waste was applied and one thousandfold over the 63 days after waste was applied, regardless of PAM treatment or soil depth. Total coliforms did not differ in control soils and soils receiving waste, regardless of soil depth or PAM treatment over the 28 and 63 days after dairy waste was applied. Fecal coliforms in soil were greater in the o to 5 and 5 to 15 cm soil depths when waste was applied to soil, regardless of soil PAM treatment. Fecal coliforms in all three soil depths decreased as much as one thousandfold over the 28 and 63 days after waste and PAM treatments were applied. In all treatments, except the waste application x PAM patch treatment, total coliforms in soil water showed a tenfold decrease over the 28 and 63 days after waste was applied. PAM may not provide additional protection to surface water from waste applied to ungrazed forage production systems, but the compound does not enhance survival of total or fecal coliforms in soils or water

Sensitive species and natural communities known to occur on the Picket Wire Canyonlands, Comanche National Grassland, Colorado

November 15, 1995.Christopher A. Pague ... [et al.]