Development and validation of a stability-indicating lc method for the determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pharmaceutical formulation

The present study describes the degradation of tenoforvir disoproxil fumarate (teno) under different prescribed stressconditions (hydrolysis, oxidation, dry and wet heat and photolysis) following the International Conference on Harmonization and application of a specific and selective stability-indicating reversed-phase high–performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) assay. Separation of drug and degradation products was successfully achieved on C18 analytical column usingmethanol: water (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection at 260 nm, the mass balance was found to be close to100.4%. The developed HPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and accuracy

Stress Studies of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate by HPTLC in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulation

A stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in bulk drug and in tablet has been developed and validated. The mobile phase selected was chloroform : methanol (9.0 : 1.0, v/v) with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 260 nm. The retention factor was found to be 0.49 ± 0.03 with correlation coefficients of 0.9994 in the range 300–1500 ng/spot and with an accuracy of 99.25%. Method had the potential to determine tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from tablet without any interference, and it was a stability-indicating one

Determination of glibenclamide, metformin hydrochloride and rosiglitazone maleate by reversed phase liquid chromatographic technique in tablet dosage form

A simple, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of metformin hydrochloride, rosiglitazone maleate, glibenclamide present in multicomponent dosage forms. Chromatography was performed on a 25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5-μm particle, C18 column with 78:22 (v/v) methanol: 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 238 nm for metformin hydrochloride, rosiglitazone maleate, and glibenclamide. The total elution time was shorter than 9 min. This method was found to be precise and reproducible. This proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of metformin hydrochloride, rosiglitazone maleate, glibenclamide as a bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulation without any interference from the excipients

Study of night time TEC depletion over Indian region

Observations of night time total electron content depletions recorded over the Indian stations, Udaipur and Bengaluru, are presented. Udaipur is located near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly and Bengaluru is the near equatorial station. New features like location of plasma bubble over equator, north-west drift of the plasma bubble and time duration of sustainability of plasma bubble that produced depletion over low latitudes are being reported

BERGENIA CILIATA: ISOLATION OF ACTIVE FLAVONOIDS, GC-MS ANALYSIS, ADME STUDY AND INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF OXALATE SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES

Objective: Bergenia ciliata (family-Saxifragaceae) is a well-known herb for kidney stone. The main objective of the study was the identification of flavonoids along with ADME profile. Another supportive objective was to check inhibition of enzymes which perform active role in oxalate synthesis. Methods: The hydromethanolic extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain ethyl acetate and ethyl ether fractions. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 12 volatile chemical compounds belonging to hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, etc. were identified and characterized in ethyl acetate fraction through GC-MS analysis Fractions enriched in flavonoids showed glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme inhibition with IC50 value (µg/ml) 65.76 and 69.84 respectively. The kinetic behaviour of the extracts that inhibit the Glycolate oxidase and Lactate dehydrogenase activity was determined by the Lineweaver-Burk plot. The mode of inhibition of the studied plant extract was type of a non-competitive inhibition. ADMET screening of compounds successfully passed all the parameters of screening. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it was found that Bergenia ciliata (rhizome) may serve as a novel and rich source of therapeutic compounds and it can be further explored for urolithiasis treatment purposes

Intrinsic Reliability improvement in Biaxially Strained SiGe p-MOSFETs

In this letter we not only show improvement in the performance but also in the reliability of 30nm thick biaxially strained SiGe (20%Ge) channel on Si p-MOSFETs. Compared to Si channel, strained SiGe channel allows larger hole mobility ({\mu}h) in the transport direction and alleviates charge flow towards the gate oxide. {\mu}h enhancement by 40% in SiGe and 100% in Si-cap SiGe is observed compared to the Si hole universal mobility. A ~40% reduction in NBTI degradation, gate leakage and flicker noise (1/f) is observed which is attributed to a 4% increase in the hole-oxide barrier height ({\phi}) in SiGe. Similar field acceleration factor ({\Gamma}) for threshold voltage shift ({\Delta}VT) and increase in noise ({\Delta}SVG) in Si and SiGe suggests identical degradation mechanisms.Comment: 4 figures, 3 pages, accepted for publication in IEEE ED

Study of night time TEC depletion over Indian region

5-8Observations of night time total electron content depletions recorded over the Indian stations, Udaipur and Bengaluru, are presented. Udaipur is located near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly and Bengaluru is the near equatorial station. New features like location of plasma bubble over equator, north-west drift of the plasma bubble and time duration of sustainability of plasma bubble that produced depletion over low latitudes are being reported

Meconium-stained liquor and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcome

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is predictor of adverse fetal outcomes. However, all fetuses with meconium passage do not have an adverse outcome and it is important to distinguish those who develop fetal distress promptly to prevent and intervene the sequalae accordingly. Hence this study was undertaken to study the grades of meconium stained liquor and its effect on intrapartum management and relation with maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on term pregnancy patients. Firstly, the detailed case history and examination was performed. When membranes ruptured the colour of liquor was noted. Fetal monitoring by cardiotocography (CTG) was done continuously throughout labour. The mode of delivery, cord pH and base excess were noted. After the delivery Apgar score and weight of the baby, need for resuscitation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and neonatal complications were noted.Results: Of the 3117 deliveries conducted during the study period, 321 cases (10.29%) had meconium stained liquor out of whom, 183 women (57%) were with thin meconium and 138 (43%) had thick meconium. There was no risk factor identified in the majority of women. The CTG was reactive in most women with thin meconium (71.5%). There was a significantly higher incidence of pathological CTG’s in women with thick meconium (36.3%) (p value = 0.001). There was no significant difference in birth weight Apgar scores, cord pH, base excess in both the groups and rate of NICU admission.Conclusions: Maximum patients with thin meconium and reactive CTG included in our study delivered normally with good neonatal outcome. However presence of thick meconium in addition to other factors such as fetal heart rate alterations should be viewed seriously as it may pose a potential danger for the baby