Quantifying the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect and excess millimetre emission in quasar environments

In this paper, we probe the hot, post-shock gas component of quasar-driven winds through the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect. Combining data sets from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, the Herschel Space Observatory, and the Very Large Array, we measure average spectral energy distributions of 109 829 optically selected, radio quiet quasars from 1.4 to 3000 GHz in six redshift bins between 0.3 1.91, we measure the tSZ effect at 3.8σ significance with an amplitude corresponding to a total thermal energy of 3.1 × 10⁶⁰ erg. If this energy is due to virialized gas, then our measurement implies quasar host halo masses are ∼6 × 10¹² h⁻¹ M⊙. Alternatively, if the host dark matter halo masses are ∼2 × 10¹² h⁻¹ M⊙ as some measurements suggest, then we measure a >90 per cent excess in the thermal energy over that expected due to virialization. If the measured SZ effect is primarily due to hot bubbles from quasar-driven winds, we find that (5^(+1.2)_(−1.3) per cent of the quasar bolometric luminosity couples to the intergalactic medium over a fiducial quasar lifetime of 100 Myr. An additional source of tSZ may be correlated structure, and further work is required to separate the contributions. At z ≤ 1.91, we detect emission at 95 and 148 GHz that is in excess of thermal dust and optically thin synchrotron emission. We investigate potential sources of this excess emission, finding that CO line emission and an additional optically thick synchrotron component are the most viable candidates

The Fairness of Fair Trade: An Analysis of the Economics of Fair Trade

In 2015, a study done by Cone Communications found that millennials are universally more engaged in corporate social responsibility. In fact, 87% of millennials are willing to purchase a product with social or environmental benefits. Enter, the fair trade label. The fair trade label, which is attached to products which meet the previously mentioned consumer demands, has emerged over the last three decades. Products like organic produce, textiles, and natural commodities have entered into global retailers and supermarkets through these non-traditional distribution channels, supported by increased consumption as well as changing consumer preferences. In order to uncover the underlying economic and social benefits and potential disadvantages, an analysis of the fair trade model has been conducted. Additionally, this paper will examine the future outlook of fair trade labels and how companies are creating niche business strategies within the model to develop sustained competitive advantages

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 9,10-Disubstituted Anthracenes

We report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of four 9,10-disubstituted diphenylanthracenes with specific modifications of the model backbone which involve both the 9,10 para substituents at the phenyl rings and the substitution with carbon-carbon triple bonds. The effects of such modifications on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties have been investigated on the basis of the diphenylanthracene molecular characteristics and in view of application to light-emitting devices. We have found that the substitution with the carbon-carbon triple bonds at the two 9,10-phenyls noticeably alters the electronic states of the reference molecule, also introducing a certain degree of sensitivity to the phenyl substituents, which improves the tunability of the optical emission. Differently, the 9,10 para substituents produce minor changes in the single-molecule properties, due to the lack of electronic conjugation across the 9,10-phenyls. However, even a single nitro substituent in the phenyl para position produces the formation of excimers, which appreciably reduces the optical quantum efficiency. These properties are maintained in solid-state blends and simple spin-coated bilayer electroluminescent devices have been fabricated

Indium(111) pentetreotide single photon emission computed tomography (In-111 pentetreotide SPECT): a new technique to evaluate somatostatin receptors in chordomas

Chordomas are rare neoplasms originating along the neuraxis. Although they do not usually show cytological atypia, metastases have been reported in 30 per cent of cases. Survival rates in cases of skull base locations are low, and local recurrence is common after local excision. Radiation therapy is used in post-operative treatment and proton radiation therapy as the primary treatment. In the present paper we present the case of a 50-year-old Caucasian man affected by chordoma of the clivus, with liver and chest metastases, relapsed after several surgical local excisions, to discuss improvements in therapeutic and imaging techniques. Indium(III) (In-III) pentetreotide single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was employed to assess the presence of somatostatin receptors and to treat the tumour with radiolabelled Y-90-DOTA-lanreotide. Imaging, performed 2 months afterwards, showed stable disease in the lungs but a local progression in the metastases, in comparison with pre-treatment uptake. These data suggest the usefulness of radiolabelled somatostatin analogues in the diagnosis and therapy of chordomas

Imaging diagnostics and pathology in sars-cov-2-related diseases

In December 2019, physicians reported numerous patients showing pneumonia of unknown origin in the Chinese region of Wuhan. Following the spreading of the infection over the world, The World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 declared the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak a global pandemic. The scientific community is exerting an extraordinary effort to elucidate all aspects related to SARS-CoV-2, such as the structure, ultrastructure, invasion mechanisms, replication mechanisms, or drugs for treatment, mainly through in vitro studies. Thus, the clinical in vivo data can provide a test bench for new discoveries in the field of SARS-CoV-2, finding new solutions to fight the current pandemic. During this dramatic situation, the normal scientific protocols for the development of new diagnostic procedures or drugs are frequently not completely applied in order to speed up these processes. In this context, interdisciplinarity is fundamental. Specifically, a great contribution can be provided by the association and interpretation of data derived from medical disciplines based on the study of images, such as radiology, nuclear medicine, and pathology. Therefore, here, we highlighted the most recent histopathological and imaging data concerning the SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung and other human organs such as the kidney, heart, and vascular system. In addition, we evaluated the possible matches among data of radiology, nuclear medicine, and pathology departments in order to support the intense scientific work to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this regard, the development of artificial intelligence algorithms that are capable of correlating these clinical data with the new scientific discoveries concerning SARS-CoV-2 might be the keystone to get out of the pandemic