Schizophrenia-associated methylomic variation: molecular signatures of disease and polygenic risk burden across multiple brain regions

Genetic association studies provide evidence for a substantial polygenic component to schizophrenia, although the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder remain largely undefined. Building on recent studies supporting a role for developmentally regulated epigenetic variation in the molecular aetiology of schizophrenia, this study aimed to identify epigenetic variation associated with both a diagnosis of schizophrenia and elevated polygenic risk burden for the disease across multiple brain regions. Genome-wide DNA methylation was quantified in 262 post-mortem brain samples, represent- ing tissue from four brain regions (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum) from 41 schizophrenia patients and 47 controls. We identified multiple disease-associated and polygenic risk score-associated differentially methylated posi- tions and regions, which are not enriched in genomic regions identified in genetic studies of schizophrenia and do not reflect direct genetic effects on DNA methylation. Our study represents the first analysis of epigenetic variation associated with schizophrenia across multiple brain regions and highlights the utility of polygenic risk scores for identifying molecular path- ways associated with aetiological variation in complex disease

Measurement of K-S(0) and K*(0) in p plus p, d plus Au, and Cu plus Cu collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has performed a systematic study of K-S(0) and K*(0) meson production at midrapidity in p + p, d + Au, and Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The K-S(0) and K*(0) mesons are reconstructed via their K-S(0) -\u3e pi(0)(-\u3e gamma gamma) pi(0)(-\u3e gamma gamma) and K*(0) -\u3e K-+/-pi(-/+) decay modes, respectively. The measured transverse-momentum spectra are used to determine the nuclear modification factor of K-S(0) and K*(0) mesons in d + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at different centralities. In the d + Au collisions, the nuclear modification factor of K-S(0) and K*(0) mesons is almost constant as a function of transverse momentum and is consistent with unity, showing that cold-nuclear-matter effects do not play a significant role in the measured kinematic range. In Cu + Cu collisions, within the uncertainties no nuclear modification is registered in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, both mesons show suppression relative to the expectations from the p + p yield scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions in the Cu + Cu system. In the p(T) range 2-5 GeV/c, the strange mesons (K-S(0), K*(0)) similarly to the phi meson with hidden strangeness, show an intermediate suppression between the more suppressed light quark mesons (pi(0)) and the nonsuppressed baryons (p, (p) over bar). At higher transverse momentum, p(T) \u3e 5 GeV/c, production of all particles is similarly suppressed by a factor of approximate to 2

A Novel Potentiometric Solid‐State Iodide Sensor

A simple and highly selective potentiometric solid‐state iodide sensor was fabricated. The sensor relies on a very thin film of silver‐tin oxide, which can be easily regenerated when necessary. The calibration plot for iodide determination was linear in the concentration range from 1.0×10−6 to 1.8×10−2 M iodide. The slope was affected by pH and ranged from 57.1 mV/decade to 64.8 mV/decade. The selectivity coefficients of the sensor determined by the two‐solution method showed excellent selectivities toward possible interfering anions, except for cyanide and sulfide. The response time of the sensor was less than 10 s

Cu (II) ion-selective electrodes based on Cu (II) complex with cyclized salophen

Several versions of Cu (II) ion selective electrodes (ISE), based on cyclized N, N!-bis (salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (salophen) complexes with Cu (II), were fabricated for determination of Cu (II) in aqueous solutions. The response of the ISE was optimized by variation of membrane composition and evaluation of various experimental conditions. Near Nernstian slopes (~ 28–32 mV/decade) were obtained for some preparations. The linear range of the ISE ranged from 5• 10–5 to 1• 10–2 m Cu (II). Coated-wire and coated disc ISE resulted practically in a similar response as screen printed electrodes (SPE). The potentiometric selectivity coefficients (Kij) for all electrodes were determined for Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, CO3 2–, H2PO4–, HPO4 2–, SO4 2–, CH3COO–, Br–, I–, NO3–, and SCN–. The selectivity coefficients were in the range from 10–2 to 10–3 for all ions

Coated-wire and coated-disc Cu (II) ion-selective electrodes based on Cu (II) complex with cyclized salophen

Coated-wire and coated-disc ion selective electrodes (ISE) based on cyclized N,N ′-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (salophen) complex with Cu(II) were fabricated for determination of Cu(II) in aqueous solutions. The response of the ISE was optimized by variation of membrane composition and evaluation of the various experimental conditions. Near Nernstian slopes (˜28 mV/decade) were obtained. The linear range of the ISE ranged from 5 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−2 M Cu(II).The potentiometric selectivity coefficients (K ij ) were determined for , Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, , CH3COO−, Br−, I−, , and SCN−. The selectivity coefficients were in the range from 10−2 to 10−3 for all ions tested except Hg2+, I−, and to less extent Fe3+. The fabricated ISE using the Cu(II)-salophen complex are reliable and stable

Development of a novel solid-state pH sensor based on tin oxide thin film

A solid-state pH sensor was fabricated using a transparent conductive tin oxide film on a glass substrate. The coating of the glass substrate was achieved by a novel simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedure. The response time of the pH sensor was substantially reduced when a thin graphite film was deposited onto the tin oxide conductive film. The sensor slope was found to increase as the temperature of the solution was increased. The performance of the sensor was investigated in the pH range from 0.3 to 11.0. A straight-line calibration graph was achieved throughout the whole range tested, especially when the solution temperature was 80℃. The working pH range was found to decrease on the expense of the lower range as the temperature was decreased. Results obtained by the suggested sensor compares very well with conventional pH electrodes where the square of the correlation coefficient