A ternary PEDOT-TiO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications

A ternary composite of PEDOT was prepared with TiO2 via emulsion polymerization method adjusting various weight ratios of TiO2 to PEDOT and synthesized rGO was then blended with this composite. The FTIR, UV–Vis and XRD analysis displayed characteristic features of PEDOT and TiO2. The morphology of the nano-hybrid structure was additionally investigated by SEM analysis. Pore size and surface area analysis of particles were characterized by BET method. The electrochemical analysis showed that the specific capacitance (Csp) for PEDOT-TiO2-15-rGO was 18.9 F.cm-2 at 0.1 mA g-1 current density

Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that frequently involves the oral mucosa. It has been regarded by many authors as a premalignant condition. There has been a continuous debate regarding the possible malignant potential of OLP, and these patients have been recommended to have their lesions monitored two to four times annually. A case of a lichen planus transformed into malignancy is reported here. This case does not provide answers to the ongoing controversy about the innate propensity of OLP to become malignant. However, in view of common occurrence of OLP and unresolved issue regarding its malignant potential (MP), thus case report illustrates the need for histologic confirmation and close follow-up of patients with clinical lesions that have lichenoid features

Evaluation of facial trauma in pediatric population

Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and treatment rendered for fractures in pediatric population over a period of 13 years. Materials and Methods: Surgical data over 13 years were evaluated for age, type of fracture, and treatment rendered. Out of a total of 423 trauma cases operated, a total of 38 pediatric trauma cases were seen, with 30 patients requiring at least some type of surgical intervention. The etiology of most of the fractures was road traffic accidents. Results: The eight cases of dentoalveolar and undisplaced parasymphysis trauma were managed by wiring and four cases of soft tissue injury treated by suturing while 18 cases required surgery in the form of osteosynthesis. Bioresorbable plating system was used in 11 cases while Titanium plates were used in seven patients, which were removed within 3 months.Conclusion: We recommend the use of open reduction internal fixation with bioresorbable plating system in children above 10 years of age and arch bar fixation for dentoalveolar trauma

Maxillofacial osteoradionecrosis

Osteoradionecrosis is a severe and delayed radiation-induced injury, characterized by bone tissue necrosis and failure to heal. Cases of osteoradionecrosis present to the clinician with features of pain, drainage, and fistulation of the mucosa or skin related to exposed bone in the previously irradiated area. The tumour size and location, radiation dose, occurrence of local trauma, dental extractions, infection, immune defects, and malnutrition are predisposing factors. A better understanding of risk factors leading to the development osteoradionecrosis and of the underlying pathophysiology may improve the ability of the clinician to prevent the occurrence and help improve the prognosis of this complication. Although the frequency of osteoradionecrosis has declined since the introduction of newer methods of radiotherapy, this review focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, radiological features, diagnosis, and treatment modalities including the newer modalities

Nanobubbles: Fundamentals and recent drug delivery applications

The emerging branch in pharmaceutical sciences known as pharmaceutical nanotechnology presents new tools, opportunities and scope, which are expected to have significant applications, in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. There is a growing interest in nanobubble (NB) technology because of its wide range of potential applications in theranostics and targeted drug delivery including anticancer drug delivery, antibiotic delivery, gene delivery etc. Nanobubbles could offer several features in anticancer drug delivery, improving cellular uptake of chemotherapy drugs into cancer cell lines. Nanobubbles opened a new field of ultrasound imaging and were used as a diagnostic method. Generally, the delivery of drugs to organs and tissues is affected by two main ultrasound effects including the cavitation and sonoporation effects. This review describes the history of nanobubble, nomenclature, stability of nanobubble, physicochemical properties, characterization of nanobubble, method of preparation and applications. This article aims at highlighting the most recent and promising research trends including oxygen nanobubble, silica nanobubble and pluronicnanobubble and enlist the various drug delivery approaches involving the application of nanobubbles